MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Vitamin A (MMDBc0000097)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:30:15 UTC

Update Date

2024-09-27 18:42:29 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000097

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Vitamin A

Description

Vitamin A (retinol) is a yellow fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. It belongs to the family of chemical compounds known as retinoids. Retinol is ingested in a precursor form; animal sources (milk and eggs) contain retinyl esters, whereas plants (carrots, spinach) contain pro-vitamin A carotenoids. Hydrolysis of retinyl esters results in retinol while pro-vitamin A carotenoids can be cleaved to produce retinal. Retinal, also known as retinaldehyde, can be reversibly reduced to produce retinol or it can be irreversibly oxidized to produce retinoic acid. Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of carotenoids found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

HMDB0000305
     RDKit          3D
Vitamin A
 51 51  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.5592   -2.4974   -1.4233 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0570   -1.3113   -0.6449 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1723   -0.4485   -0.1382 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7452   -0.7661   -0.4112 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7322   -0.0504   -0.0129 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6669   -0.4566   -0.3383 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8931   -1.6940   -1.1105 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6175    0.3254    0.0995 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0379    0.0090   -0.1723 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.9904    0.8100    0.2792 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.4142    0.6094    0.0796 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.9883   -0.5182   -0.6572 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.2060    1.5209    0.6091 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.6689    1.4803    0.5078 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.1510    0.4010   -0.1926 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5390    0.7400    0.6536 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8691    0.5617    2.0163 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0348    2.0075   -0.0265 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0162    0.8503    0.8135 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.7324    0.3804   -0.3989 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5365   -1.1460   -0.4915 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0159   -3.2035   -0.7892 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4416   -3.0174   -1.8362 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9618   -2.1692   -2.2983 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4802   -1.6644   -0.9942 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9094    0.8444    0.5503 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4514   -1.6473   -2.1291 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2875   -2.4991   -0.5850 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9012   -2.0813   -1.1248 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3685    1.2108    0.6648 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3215   -0.8552   -0.7311 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6223    1.6783    0.8416 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1401   -1.1610   -1.0389 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5265   -0.2428   -1.5914 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5732   -1.1840    0.0173 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.7539    2.3796    1.1702 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.1084    1.5121    1.5393 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.0054    2.3894   -0.0718 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.0346    0.1503    0.2093 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7007    0.3620    2.7645 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3159    1.4618    2.3190 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2342   -0.3357    2.0753 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9400    2.5887   -0.3605 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4396    2.6450    0.6487 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4871    1.7458   -0.9554 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3657    0.2390    1.6814 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3213    1.9195    0.9836 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.8385    0.5286   -0.2925 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3455    0.7999   -1.3325 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9261   -1.6428    0.4038 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.0110   -1.5587   -1.3883 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  2  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 11 13  2  0
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
  3 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 16 18  1  0
 16 19  1  0
 19 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 21  2  1  0
  1 22  1  0
  1 23  1  0
  1 24  1  0
  4 25  1  0
  5 26  1  0
  7 27  1  0
  7 28  1  0
  7 29  1  0
  8 30  1  0
  9 31  1  0
 10 32  1  0
 12 33  1  0
 12 34  1  0
 12 35  1  0
 13 36  1  0
 14 37  1  0
 14 38  1  0
 15 39  1  0
 17 40  1  0
 17 41  1  0
 17 42  1  0
 18 43  1  0
 18 44  1  0
 18 45  1  0
 19 46  1  0
 19 47  1  0
 20 48  1  0
 20 49  1  0
 21 50  1  0
 21 51  1  0
M  END


  Mrv1652303192021392D          

 21 21  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
10000.386410003.1200    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.101110002.7076    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.815610003.1200    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.530110002.7076    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.244410003.1200    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.959910002.7076    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10004.673010003.1200    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10005.388410002.7076    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10006.105810003.1200    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10006.819010002.7076    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10004.673010003.9447    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.815610003.9447    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.954610001.1073    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.484710002.0267    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.959410003.9447    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.958010003.1204    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.243410002.7078    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.243410001.8826    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.958010001.4702    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.672710001.8826    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.672710002.7078    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  2  0  0  0  0
  3 12  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  2  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  2  0  0  0  0
  7 11  1  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
 16 17  1  0  0  0  0
 16 21  2  0  0  0  0
 17 18  1  0  0  0  0
 18 19  1  0  0  0  0
 19 20  1  0  0  0  0
 20 21  1  0  0  0  0
  1 21  1  0  0  0  0
 20 13  1  0  0  0  0
 20 14  1  0  0  0  0
 16 15  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
MMDBc0000097

> <DATABASE_NAME>
MIME

> <SMILES>
C\C(=C/CO)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C20H30O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,21H,7,10,14-15H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+

> <INCHI_KEY>
FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C20H30O

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
286.4516

> <EXACT_MASS>
286.229665582

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
51

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
36.5403584594368

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
1

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
6.38

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
4.694093173000001

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-4.58

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
16.435769749539965

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.1707943115512176

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
20.23

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
97.92339999999999

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
7.58e-03 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
α-sol

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$

HMDB0000305
     RDKit          3D
Vitamin A
 51 51  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.5592   -2.4974   -1.4233 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0570   -1.3113   -0.6449 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1723   -0.4485   -0.1382 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7452   -0.7661   -0.4112 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7322   -0.0504   -0.0129 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6669   -0.4566   -0.3383 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8931   -1.6940   -1.1105 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6175    0.3254    0.0995 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0379    0.0090   -0.1723 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.9904    0.8100    0.2792 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.4142    0.6094    0.0796 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.9883   -0.5182   -0.6572 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.2060    1.5209    0.6091 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.6689    1.4803    0.5078 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.1510    0.4010   -0.1926 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5390    0.7400    0.6536 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8691    0.5617    2.0163 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0348    2.0075   -0.0265 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0162    0.8503    0.8135 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.7324    0.3804   -0.3989 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5365   -1.1460   -0.4915 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0159   -3.2035   -0.7892 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4416   -3.0174   -1.8362 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9618   -2.1692   -2.2983 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4802   -1.6644   -0.9942 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9094    0.8444    0.5503 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4514   -1.6473   -2.1291 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2875   -2.4991   -0.5850 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9012   -2.0813   -1.1248 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3685    1.2108    0.6648 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3215   -0.8552   -0.7311 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6223    1.6783    0.8416 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1401   -1.1610   -1.0389 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5265   -0.2428   -1.5914 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5732   -1.1840    0.0173 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.7539    2.3796    1.1702 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.1084    1.5121    1.5393 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.0054    2.3894   -0.0718 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.0346    0.1503    0.2093 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7007    0.3620    2.7645 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3159    1.4618    2.3190 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2342   -0.3357    2.0753 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9400    2.5887   -0.3605 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4396    2.6450    0.6487 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4871    1.7458   -0.9554 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3657    0.2390    1.6814 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3213    1.9195    0.9836 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.8385    0.5286   -0.2925 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3455    0.7999   -1.3325 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9261   -1.6428    0.4038 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.0110   -1.5587   -1.3883 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  2  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 11 13  2  0
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
  3 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 16 18  1  0
 16 19  1  0
 19 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 21  2  1  0
  1 22  1  0
  1 23  1  0
  1 24  1  0
  4 25  1  0
  5 26  1  0
  7 27  1  0
  7 28  1  0
  7 29  1  0
  8 30  1  0
  9 31  1  0
 10 32  1  0
 12 33  1  0
 12 34  1  0
 12 35  1  0
 13 36  1  0
 14 37  1  0
 14 38  1  0
 15 39  1  0
 17 40  1  0
 17 41  1  0
 17 42  1  0
 18 43  1  0
 18 44  1  0
 18 45  1  0
 19 46  1  0
 19 47  1  0
 20 48  1  0
 20 49  1  0
 21 50  1  0
 21 51  1  0
M  END

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 19-MAR-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   19-MAR-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0    8667.3888672.491   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0    8668.7228671.721   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0    8670.0568672.491   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0    8671.3908671.721   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0    8672.7238672.491   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0    8674.0588671.721   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0    8675.3908672.491   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0    8676.7258671.721   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0    8678.0648672.491   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0    8679.3958671.721   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0    8675.3908674.030   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0    8670.0568674.030   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   13  C   UNK     0    8666.5828668.734   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   14  C   UNK     0    8667.5718670.450   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   15  C   UNK     0    8664.7248674.030   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   16  C   UNK     0    8664.7228672.491   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   17  C   UNK     0    8663.3888671.721   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   18  C   UNK     0    8663.3888670.181   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   19  C   UNK     0    8664.7228669.411   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   20  C   UNK     0    8666.0568670.181   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   21  C   UNK     0    8666.0568671.721   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2   21                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2    4   12                                                  
CONECT    4    3    5                                                       
CONECT    5    4    6                                                       
CONECT    6    5    7                                                       
CONECT    7    6    8   11                                                  
CONECT    8    7    9                                                       
CONECT    9    8   10                                                       
CONECT   10    9                                                            
CONECT   11    7                                                            
CONECT   12    3                                                            
CONECT   13   20                                                            
CONECT   14   20                                                            
CONECT   15   16                                                            
CONECT   16   17   21   15                                                  
CONECT   17   16   18                                                       
CONECT   18   17   19                                                       
CONECT   19   18   20                                                       
CONECT   20   19   21   13   14                                             
CONECT   21   16   20    1                                                  
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   21    0   42    0
END

COMPND    HMDB0000305
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -3.559  -2.497  -1.423  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1      -4.057  -1.311  -0.645  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1      -3.172  -0.448  -0.138  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1      -1.745  -0.766  -0.411  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C5  UNL     1      -0.732  -0.050  -0.013  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C6  UNL     1       0.667  -0.457  -0.338  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C7  UNL     1       0.893  -1.694  -1.111  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  C8  UNL     1       1.618   0.325   0.100  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  C9  UNL     1       3.038   0.009  -0.172  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  C10 UNL     1       3.990   0.810   0.279  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   11  C11 UNL     1       5.414   0.609   0.080  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   12  C12 UNL     1       5.988  -0.518  -0.657  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   13  C13 UNL     1       6.206   1.521   0.609  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   14  C14 UNL     1       7.669   1.480   0.508  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   15  O1  UNL     1       8.151   0.401  -0.193  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   16  C15 UNL     1      -3.539   0.740   0.654  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   17  C16 UNL     1      -2.869   0.562   2.016  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   18  C17 UNL     1      -3.035   2.007  -0.026  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   19  C18 UNL     1      -5.016   0.850   0.813  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   20  C19 UNL     1      -5.732   0.380  -0.399  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   21  C20 UNL     1      -5.537  -1.146  -0.492  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   22  H1  UNL     1      -3.016  -3.204  -0.789  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   23  H2  UNL     1      -4.442  -3.017  -1.836  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   24  H3  UNL     1      -2.962  -2.169  -2.298  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   25  H4  UNL     1      -1.480  -1.664  -0.994  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   26  H5  UNL     1      -0.909   0.844   0.550  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   27  H6  UNL     1       0.451  -1.647  -2.129  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   28  H7  UNL     1       0.287  -2.499  -0.585  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   29  H8  UNL     1       1.901  -2.081  -1.125  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   30  H9  UNL     1       1.369   1.211   0.665  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   31  H10 UNL     1       3.321  -0.855  -0.731  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   32  H11 UNL     1       3.622   1.678   0.842  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   33  H12 UNL     1       5.140  -1.161  -1.039  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   34  H13 UNL     1       6.527  -0.243  -1.591  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   35  H14 UNL     1       6.573  -1.184   0.017  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   36  H15 UNL     1       5.754   2.380   1.170  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   37  H16 UNL     1       8.108   1.512   1.539  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   38  H17 UNL     1       8.005   2.389  -0.072  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   39  H18 UNL     1       9.035   0.150   0.209  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   40  H19 UNL     1      -3.701   0.362   2.764  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   41  H20 UNL     1      -2.316   1.462   2.319  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   42  H21 UNL     1      -2.234  -0.336   2.075  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   43  H22 UNL     1      -3.940   2.589  -0.360  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   44  H23 UNL     1      -2.440   2.645   0.649  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   45  H24 UNL     1      -2.487   1.746  -0.955  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   46  H25 UNL     1      -5.366   0.239   1.681  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   47  H26 UNL     1      -5.321   1.919   0.984  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   48  H27 UNL     1      -6.839   0.529  -0.293  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   49  H28 UNL     1      -5.346   0.800  -1.332  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   50  H29 UNL     1      -5.926  -1.643   0.404  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   51  H30 UNL     1      -6.011  -1.559  -1.388  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   22   23   24
CONECT    2    3    3   21
CONECT    3    4   16
CONECT    4    5    5   25
CONECT    5    6   26
CONECT    6    7    8    8
CONECT    7   27   28   29
CONECT    8    9   30
CONECT    9   10   10   31
CONECT   10   11   32
CONECT   11   12   13   13
CONECT   12   33   34   35
CONECT   13   14   36
CONECT   14   15   37   38
CONECT   15   39
CONECT   16   17   18   19
CONECT   17   40   41   42
CONECT   18   43   44   45
CONECT   19   20   46   47
CONECT   20   21   48   49
CONECT   21   50   51
END

HMDB0000305
     RDKit          3D
Vitamin A
 51 51  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.5592   -2.4974   -1.4233 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0570   -1.3113   -0.6449 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1723   -0.4485   -0.1382 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7452   -0.7661   -0.4112 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7322   -0.0504   -0.0129 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6669   -0.4566   -0.3383 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8931   -1.6940   -1.1105 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6175    0.3254    0.0995 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0379    0.0090   -0.1723 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.9904    0.8100    0.2792 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.4142    0.6094    0.0796 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.9883   -0.5182   -0.6572 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.2060    1.5209    0.6091 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.6689    1.4803    0.5078 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.1510    0.4010   -0.1926 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5390    0.7400    0.6536 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8691    0.5617    2.0163 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0348    2.0075   -0.0265 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0162    0.8503    0.8135 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.7324    0.3804   -0.3989 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.5365   -1.1460   -0.4915 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0159   -3.2035   -0.7892 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4416   -3.0174   -1.8362 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9618   -2.1692   -2.2983 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4802   -1.6644   -0.9942 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9094    0.8444    0.5503 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4514   -1.6473   -2.1291 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2875   -2.4991   -0.5850 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9012   -2.0813   -1.1248 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3685    1.2108    0.6648 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3215   -0.8552   -0.7311 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6223    1.6783    0.8416 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1401   -1.1610   -1.0389 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5265   -0.2428   -1.5914 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5732   -1.1840    0.0173 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.7539    2.3796    1.1702 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.1084    1.5121    1.5393 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.0054    2.3894   -0.0718 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.0346    0.1503    0.2093 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7007    0.3620    2.7645 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3159    1.4618    2.3190 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2342   -0.3357    2.0753 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9400    2.5887   -0.3605 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4396    2.6450    0.6487 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4871    1.7458   -0.9554 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3657    0.2390    1.6814 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3213    1.9195    0.9836 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.8385    0.5286   -0.2925 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3455    0.7999   -1.3325 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9261   -1.6428    0.4038 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.0110   -1.5587   -1.3883 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  2  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 11 13  2  0
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
  3 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 16 18  1  0
 16 19  1  0
 19 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 21  2  1  0
  1 22  1  0
  1 23  1  0
  1 24  1  0
  4 25  1  0
  5 26  1  0
  7 27  1  0
  7 28  1  0
  7 29  1  0
  8 30  1  0
  9 31  1  0
 10 32  1  0
 12 33  1  0
 12 34  1  0
 12 35  1  0
 13 36  1  0
 14 37  1  0
 14 38  1  0
 15 39  1  0
 17 40  1  0
 17 41  1  0
 17 42  1  0
 18 43  1  0
 18 44  1  0
 18 45  1  0
 19 46  1  0
 19 47  1  0
 20 48  1  0
 20 49  1  0
 21 50  1  0
 21 51  1  0
M  END

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol	ChEBI
all-trans-Retinyl alcohol	ChEBI
all-trans-Vitamin a alcohol	ChEBI
Alphalin	ChEBI
Chocola a	ChEBI
Retinol	ChEBI
Vitamin a1	ChEBI
Aquasol a	Kegg
(all-e)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol	HMDB
all-trans-Retinol	HMDB
b-Retinol	HMDB
beta-Retinol	HMDB
trans-Retinol	HMDB
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol, (all-e)-isomer	HMDB
all trans Retinol	HMDB
11-cis-Retinol	HMDB
Vitamin a	ChEBI

Molecular Formula

C₂₀H₃₀O

Average Mass

286.4516

Monoisotopic Mass

286.229665582

IUPAC Name

(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol

Traditional Name

α-sol

CAS Registry Number

68-26-8

SMILES

C\C(=C/CO)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C20H30O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,21H,7,10,14-15H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+

InChI Key

FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as retinoids. These are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Lipids and lipid-like molecules

Class

Prenol lipids

Sub Class

Retinoids

Direct Parent

Retinoids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Retinoid skeleton
Diterpenoid
Fatty alcohol
Fatty acyl
Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Organooxygen compound
Alcohol
Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

retinol (CHEBI:17336 )
Retinoids (C00473 )
Fat-soluble vitamins (C00473 )
Retinoids (LMPR01090000 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.0076 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	6.38	ALOGPS
logP	4.69	ChemAxon
logS	-4.6	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	16.44	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.2	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	20.23 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	97.92 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	36.54 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-1190000000-7c2230ee88e04e8f3741	2017-08-28	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0006-7139000000-7242603c3f7f12c824cd	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-0290000000-25c523b646154b291da8	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-05gj-3900000000-a63c286f931608f650a3	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-05mo-9700000000-e627db30469c74bb037f	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-00kr-0490000000-97ed49d705440e4d32e7	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00ks-3930000000-7c5bfbd8b838b97dc2aa	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0fri-9820000000-6a49bab0c891ffe1e5b2	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-0090000000-d0ff1cdc72141d0daa0e	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0a4r-0090000000-c0a067ff8ed271b80945	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00ku-4590000000-cfc35aba420e707075f7	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-0090000000-fe93459d3069e264b77f	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-05mx-0190000000-f81760535f6050971f92	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00li-0960000000-4dbc516b202b90a6c265	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-015i-1890000000-fb68e645ac6c84dc722c	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-05a9-2910000000-aa07b89a9cfe132b8725	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-06dl-5900000000-6de72efc591b252620c9	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-052r-2950000000-c24ec8ff8d0ba6c1f23f	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H₂O, predicted)		2022-08-18	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl₃, experimental)		2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biospecimen Locations

Adipose Tissue
Blood
Epidermis
Feces
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Neuron
Placenta
Saliva
Spleen
Testis

Tissue Locations

Adipose Tissue
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Neuron
Placenta
Spleen
Testis

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191913	Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Enzyme	O75907	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192152	11-cis retinol dehydrogenase	Unknown	Q92781	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192165	Alcohol dehydrogenase 4	Unknown	P08319	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192400	Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3	Unknown	P11766	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192402	Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B	Unknown	P00325	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192403	Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain	Unknown	P40394	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192404	Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A	Unknown	P07327	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192405	Alcohol dehydrogenase 6	Unknown	P28332	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192406	Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C	Unknown	P00326	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193325	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Enzyme	O95237	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193705	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 6	Unknown	O14756	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193979	Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Enzyme	Q96PD7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194003	Retinol dehydrogenase 8	Enzyme	Q9NYR8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194004	Retinol dehydrogenase 11	Enzyme	Q8TC12	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194028	Retinol dehydrogenase 10	Enzyme	Q8IZV5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194074	Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1	Enzyme	Q58HT5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194075	Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2	Enzyme	Q6E213	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195061	All-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase	Unknown	Q6NUM9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195653	Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Enzyme	O75911	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196941	Epidermal retinol dehydrogenase 2	Unknown	Q8N3Y7

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0002062	Vitamin A	Retinal	Not Available	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0002063	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0002064	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 5 (11-cis/9-cis)	VMH	12226107 1503811 7836368 9115228
MMDBr0002065	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 11 (all-trans/9-cis/11-cis)	VMH	12226107 12372410 12435598 1503811 15258582 15322982
MMDBr0002066	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 5 (11-cis/9-cis)	VMH	12226107 1503811 7836368
MMDBr0002067	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 11 (all-trans/9-cis/11-cis)	VMH	12226107 12372410 1503811 15258582 15322982
MMDBr0002069	Vitamin A	Vitamin A	Not Available	VMH	1503811
MMDBr0002070	Vitamin A	Vitamin A	Not Available	VMH	1503811
MMDBr0002071	Vitamin A	13-cis Retinol	Not Available	VMH	11606944
MMDBr0004133	Vitamin A	4-Hydroxyvitamin A1	Not Available	VMH	9581846
MMDBr0004134	Vitamin A	4-Hydroxyvitamin A1	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B member 1	VMH	9581846
MMDBr0004208	Vitamin A	anhydroretinol	Not Available	VMH	9581846
MMDBr0010391	Vitamin A	Retinal	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0010392	Vitamin A	Retinal	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0010393	Vitamin A	4-Oxoretinol	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0010399	Palmityl-CoA	11-Cis-Retinyl-Palmitate	acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0010700	Retinyl Palmitate	Palmitic acid	colipase	VMH	30371894

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Abetalipoproteinemia	Decreased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	2944375
Endometrial cancer		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	19235557

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Eukaryota	Apicomplexa	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Firmicutes	211	Human ; Human feces; Pig ; Cattle ; Human stool; Human subgingival plaque	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	118	Human feces; Human sputum; Human ; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	78	Human feces; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	28	Human feces; Human ; Human stool	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Spirochaetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Fusobacteria	3	Human feces; Human	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Synergistetes	2	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Planctomycetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Species	Data Source	Reference
Animal	Saccharina japonica	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Spirulina	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Lota lota	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Porphyra umbilicalis	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Chondrus crispus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Laminaria	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Strombidae	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Haliotis	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Clupea harengus harengus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Undaria pinnatifida	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Peprilus triacanthus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Rhodophyta	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Myoxocephalus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Eucheuma	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa var. rapa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Coriandrum sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Anethum graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Aloysia triphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium parvifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum chinense	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carthamus tinctorius	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cicer arietinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus persica var. nucipersica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Anacardium occidentale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Oenothera biennis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica napus var. pabularia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eriobotrya japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium reticulatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Diospyros kaki	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Satureja montana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum quitoense	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Theobroma cacao	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Virola surinamensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium arboreum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rumex acetosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Origanum onites	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Perideridia oregana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pyrus pyrifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Wasabia japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. capitata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Theobroma grandiflorum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Viburnum edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium myrtillus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium uliginosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ginkgo biloba	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Flammulina velutipes	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Syzygium aromaticum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Camellia sinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phaseolus vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pouteria sapota	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Raphanus sativus var. sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vicia faba	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus avium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus persica var. persica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Daucus carota ssp. sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Piper nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus ursinus x idaeus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Raphanus sativus var. niger	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Dioscorea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Photinia melanocarpa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Momordica charantia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Origanum vulgare	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cirsium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Opuntia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis vinifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Dysphania ambrosioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Castanea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum annuum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pleurotus ostreatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Nuphar lutea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Colocasia esculenta	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Salix pulchra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Anthriscus cerefolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pachyrhizus erosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lupinus albus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Syzygium jambos	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium ovatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Thymus pulegioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus maxima	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cichorium endivia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mespilus germanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum melongena	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Myristica fragrans	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Elaeis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cinnamomum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Feijoa sellowiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa var. perviridis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes uva-crispa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. italica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Crocus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Fagus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Salvia elegans	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cydonia oblonga	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha aquatica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lablab purpureus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phaseolus coccineus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rheum rhabarbarum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Salvia officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Castanea sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Apium graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Opuntia cochenillifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Annona muricata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sagittaria latifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Empetrum nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Myrica rubra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tilia tomentosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tamarindus indica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cocos nucifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Syzygium cumini	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Typha angustifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium angustifolium x vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Valerianella locusta	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sambucus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Angelica keiskei	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sisymbrium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Hyssopus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Olea europaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vanilla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Borago officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Psidium guajava	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carya	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Scorzonera hispanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus spectabilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ipomoea aquatica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Manihot esculenta	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Daucus carota	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum tuberosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Raphanus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cuminum cyminum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus dulcis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cantharellus cibarius	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna radiata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l. f. alba dc.	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Musa x paradisiaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Opuntia macrorhiza	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Morus nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sinapis alba	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica ruvo	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pinus edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Fragaria x ananassa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium cepa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Apium graveolens var. secalinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus idaeus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Arachis hypogaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Passiflora edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Illicium verum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pyrus communis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Manilkara zapota	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Abelmoschus esculentus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Moringa oleifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans ailanthifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Auricularia auricula-judae	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum lycopersicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna angularis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chamaemelum nobile	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Malus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Polygonum alpinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Hippophae rhamnoides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Melissa officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Corylus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sambucus nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mangifera indica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha spicata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Auricularia polytricha	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Laurus nobilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pediomelum esculentum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Attalea speciosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Helianthus annuus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus arcticus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Petroselinum crispum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rumex articus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chrysanthemum coronarium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eleocharis dulcis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Zingiber officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica juncea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes aureum var. villosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Camellia oleifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pisum sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pimenta dioica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Actinidia chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Thymus vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Canarium ovatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Medicago sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Metroxylon sagu	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Hibiscus sabdariffa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Spinacia oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Agaricus bisporus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Origanum majorana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carica papaya	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Benincasa hispida	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cajanus cajan	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis rotundifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna mungo	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Morus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Armoracia rusticana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis labrusca	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans cinerea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cyathea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Arctium lappa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Myrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Psidium cattleianum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus persica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna unguiculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Foeniculum vulgare	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Artocarpus altilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cynara scolymus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Castanea mollissima	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium macrocarpon	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brosimum alicastrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucumis metuliferus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Nephelium lappaceum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phoenix dactylifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Artemisia vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium angustifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lentinus edodes	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus cerasus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus x paradisi	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rosmarinus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phytolacca americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tetragonia tetragonioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lepidium sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Castanea crenata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Thelesperma	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Helianthus tuberosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium elliottii	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Grifola frondosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Corylus avellana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Quercus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ficus carica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Levisticum officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chamerion angustifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Beta vulgaris var. rubra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Litchi chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Malpighia emarginata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Physalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ziziphus zizyphus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Matricaria recutita	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Trigonella foenum-graecum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pangium edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Dimocarpus longan	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans regia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Hedysarum alpinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cynara cardunculus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. sabauda	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Asparagus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica napus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Apium graveolens var. dulce	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Salvia hispanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Artemisia dracunculus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Agave	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna aconitifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pimpinella anisum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus aurantiifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. viridis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Xanthosoma sagittifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum pubescens	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitellaria paradoxa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lactuca sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis aestivalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica alboglabra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eragrostis tef	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eugenia javanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mammea americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Basella alba	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Diospyros	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pistacia vera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Amaranthus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Punica granatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium stamineum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Crateva religiosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Byrsonima crassifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Annona squamosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Beta vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha arvensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Gossypium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Grataegosorbus mitschurinii	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus latifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Origanum x majoricum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carya illinoinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Malus pumila	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Portulaca oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa var. chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucumis sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Diospyros virginiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes rubrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cinnamomum aromaticum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ipomoea batatas	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium ampeloprasum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chenopodium album	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rumex	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus chamaemorus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes x nidigrolaria	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eugenia uniflora	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita maxima	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sechium edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tragopogon porrifolius	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pastinaca sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium tuberosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus x loganobaccus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lathyrus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Amelanchier alnifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Garcinia mangostana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Annona reticulata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sesbania bispinosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium ascalonicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lactuca sativa l. var. longifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Curcuma longa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Taraxacum officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Gaylussacia baccata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Elettaria cardamomum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Dioscorea pentaphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Petasites japonicus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Persea americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium myrtilloides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Matteuccia struthiopteris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tilia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Corchorus olitorius	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cichorium intybus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus tomentosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chenopodium quinoa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. conica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cinnamomum verum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Maranta arundinacea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ananas comosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucumis melo	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lippia graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha x piperita	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Nelumbo	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita moschata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Macadamia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium deliciosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Apium graveolens var. rapaceum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Papaver	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ocimum basilicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum annuum var. annuum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa var. pekinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus limon	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Annona cherimola	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capparis spinosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Macadamia tetraphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus virginiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sesamum orientale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Glycine max	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sorbus aucuparia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carissa macrocarpa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Artocarpus heterophyllus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. costata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Panax	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Satureja hortensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lens culinaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phaseolus lunatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lagenaria siceraria	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Musa acuminata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus sinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna umbellata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus occidentalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium fistulosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lupinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phyllostachys edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tilia cordata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Linum usitatissimum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Averrhoa carambola	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carum carvi	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium schoenoprasum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrullus lanatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Luffa aegyptiaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus domestica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus armeniaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Nelumbo nucifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cymbopogon citratus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes glandulosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium alaskaense	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Durio zibethinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Bertholletia excelsa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus reticulata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ceratonia siliqua	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Verbena officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium oxycoccos	FooDB	31437929

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.45				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Abetalipoproteinemia	HMDB	2944375
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.0		1.2	2.5	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Endometrial cancer	HMDB	19235557
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.50	0.86			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Hemodialysis	HMDB	16221095
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.466	0.349			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	16925883
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.42				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	9109609
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.63				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	9109609
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.99				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	9109609
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.993				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	20332276
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.18				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	9109609
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.18				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	19371448
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.3				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15735096
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.47				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19371448
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			0.530	2.100	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	2944375
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.580	0.360			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1878353
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.831	0.499			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1878353
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.02		0.34	2.1	uM	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7657478
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.445	0.384			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	10427874
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.740	0.540			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.770	0.740			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	15051849
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.790	0.530			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.790	0.540			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.800	0.500			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.810	0.550			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.820	0.510			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.820	0.560			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.840	0.530			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.850	0.530			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.860	0.450			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.870	0.510			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.880	0.430			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.880	0.470			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.880	0.480			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.890	0.420			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.910	0.430			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	1512628
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.950	0.470			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	17378949
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.950	0.610			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	8424386
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.951	0.520			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6624705
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.970	0.650			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	8424386
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.980	0.540			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	8424386
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.0600	0.620			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15051849
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.0736	0.485			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1878353
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.0800	0.620			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	8424386
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.0841	0.499			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1878353
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.130	0.380			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1512628
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.182	0.499			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1878353
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.200	0.634			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	16755268
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.220	0.496			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1878353
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.220	0.590			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15051849
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.3		1.2	3.5	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	19235557
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.310	0.960			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	15051849
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.390	0.800			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	15051849
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.391	0.782			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	18813024
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.400	0.900			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	8424386
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.470	0.770			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	15051849
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.580	0.710			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15051849
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.700	1.100			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	8424386
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.720	0.790			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15051849
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.666	2.0387			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	11454500
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.732	2.217			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11454500
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.781	2.356			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	11454500
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.861	2.726			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	11454500
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	6.113	2.594			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11454500
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	6.249	1.850			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6624705
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	6.553	2.315			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	11454500
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			1	2	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	CALIPER Paediatric Reference Intervals
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			1	2	uM	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	CALIPER Paediatric Reference Intervals
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			1	2	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	CALIPER Paediatric Reference Intervals
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			0	2	uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	CALIPER Paediatric Reference Intervals
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.78	0.33			uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.76	0.44			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.84	0.46			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.015	0.010			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Adipose tissue	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Epidermis	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Fibroblasts	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Intestine	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Kidney	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Liver	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Neuron	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Spleen	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Testis	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000305

DrugBank ID

DB00162

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB023841

KNApSAcK ID

C00031437

Chemspider ID

Not Available

KEGG Compound ID

C17276

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Vitamin_A

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

445354

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

17336

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Norum KR, Blomhoff R: McCollum Award Lecture, 1992: vitamin A absorption, transport, cellular uptake, and storage. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Oct;56(4):735-44. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/56.4.735. [PubMed:1414975 ]
Graham-Maar RC, Schall JI, Stettler N, Zemel BS, Stallings VA: Elevated vitamin A intake and serum retinol in preadolescent children with cystic fibrosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):174-82. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.1.174. [PubMed:16825693 ]
Sorenson AW, Delhumeau C, Bernstein MS, Costanza MC, Morabia A: Impact of 'Mad Cow Disease' publicity on trends in meat and total vitamin A consumption in Geneva between 1993 and 2000. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jan;57(1):177-85. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601576. [PubMed:12548314 ]
Alberts D, Ranger-Moore J, Einspahr J, Saboda K, Bozzo P, Liu Y, Xu XC, Lotan R, Warneke J, Salasche S, Stratton S, Levine N, Goldman R, Islas M, Duckett L, Thompson D, Bartels P, Foote J: Safety and efficacy of dose-intensive oral vitamin A in subjects with sun-damaged skin. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Mar 15;10(6):1875-80. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0188. [PubMed:15041701 ]
Wieringa FT, Dijkhuizen MA, West CE, Thurnham DI, Muhilal, Van der Meer JW: Redistribution of vitamin A after iron supplementation in Indonesian infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Mar;77(3):651-7. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/77.3.651. [PubMed:12600856 ]
Egeland GM, Berti P, Soueida R, Arbour LT, Receveur O, Kuhnlein HV: Age differences in vitamin A intake among Canadian Inuit. Can J Public Health. 2004 Nov-Dec;95(6):465-9. [PubMed:15622799 ]
Ribaya-Mercado JD, Solon FS, Fermin LS, Perfecto CS, Solon JA, Dolnikowski GG, Russell RM: Dietary vitamin A intakes of Filipino elders with adequate or low liver vitamin A concentrations as assessed by the deuterated-retinol-dilution method: implications for dietary requirements. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):633-41. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.4.633. [PubMed:15051608 ]
Kieu NT, Yurie K, Hung NT, Yamamoto S, Chuyen NV: Simultaneous analysis of retinol, beta-carotene and tocopherol levels in serum of Vietnamese populations with different incomes. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2002;11(2):92-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-6047.2002.00283.x. [PubMed:12074187 ]
Torma H, Vahlquist A: Vitamin A esterification in human epidermis: a relation to keratinocyte differentiation. J Invest Dermatol. 1990 Jan;94(1):132-8. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12873990. [PubMed:2295828 ]
Allen LH, Haskell M: Estimating the potential for vitamin A toxicity in women and young children. J Nutr. 2002 Sep;132(9 Suppl):2907S-2919S. doi: 10.1093/jn/132.9.2907S. [PubMed:12221269 ]
Ribaya-Mercado JD, Solomons NW, Medrano Y, Bulux J, Dolnikowski GG, Russell RM, Wallace CB: Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to monitor the vitamin A status of Nicaraguan schoolchildren 1 y after initiation of the Nicaraguan national program of sugar fortification with vitamin A. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Nov;80(5):1291-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1291. [PubMed:15531678 ]
Marquez M, Yepez CE, Sutil-Naranjo R, Rincon M: [Basic aspects and measurement of the antioxidant vitamins A and E]. Invest Clin. 2002 Sep;43(3):191-204. [PubMed:12229281 ]
Mills JP, Penniston KL, Tanumihardjo SA: Extra-hepatic vitamin A concentrations in captive Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) monkeys fed excess vitamin A. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005 Mar;75(2):126-32. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831.75.2.126. [PubMed:15929633 ]
Penniston KL, Tanumihardjo SA: The acute and chronic toxic effects of vitamin A. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):191-201. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.2.191. [PubMed:16469975 ]
Jumpsen JA, Brown NE, Thomson AB, Paul Man SF, Goh YK, Ma D, Clandinin MT: Fatty acids in blood and intestine following docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2006 May;5(2):77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2006.01.004. Epub 2006 Feb 28. [PubMed:16507353 ]

Showing metabocard for Vitamin A (MMDBc0000097)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f470426b360>