MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Creatine (MMDBc0000330)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-12-10 18:28:52 UTC

Update Date

2024-04-30 19:31:49 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000330

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Creatine

Description

Creatine, is a naturally occurring non-protein compound. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof. Creatine is found in all vertebrates where it facilitates recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Its primary metabolic role is to combine with a phosphoryl group, via the enzyme creatine kinase, to generate phosphocreatine, which is used to regenerate ATP. Most of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle (95%), while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, testes, and other tissues. Creatine is not an essential nutrient as it is naturally produced in the human body from the amino acids glycine and arginine, with an additional requirement for methionine to catalyze the transformation of guanidinoacetate to creatine. In the first step of its biosynthesis glycine and arginine are combined by the enzyme arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) to form guanidinoacetate, which is then methylated by guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), using S-adenosyl methionine as the methyl donor. Creatine can also be obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. A cyclic form of creatine, called creatinine, exists in equilibrium with its tautomer and with creatine. Clinically, there are three distinct disorders of creatine metabolism. Deficiencies in the two synthesis enzymes (AGAT and GAMT) can cause L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency (caused by variants in AGAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (caused by variants in GAMT). Both disorders are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. A third defect, creatine transporter defect, is caused by mutations in SLC6A8 and inherited in a X-linked manner. Creatine is widely used as a supplement by athletes. Its use can increase maximum power and performance in high-intensity anaerobic repetitive work (periods of work and rest) by 5 to 15% (PMID: 24688272 ). Creatine has no significant effect on aerobic endurance, although it will increase power during short sessions of high-intensity aerobic exercise (PMID: 9662683 ).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
((Amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetic acid	ChEBI
(alpha-Methylguanido)acetic acid	ChEBI
(N-Methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid	ChEBI
alpha-Methylguanidino acetic acid	ChEBI
Creatin	ChEBI
Kreatin	ChEBI
Methylglycocyamine	ChEBI
N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine	ChEBI
N-[(e)-AMINO(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine	ChEBI
N-Amidinosarcosine	ChEBI
N-Carbamimidoyl-N-methylglycine	ChEBI
N-Methyl-N-guanylglycine	ChEBI
((Amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetate	Generator
(a-Methylguanido)acetate	Generator
(a-Methylguanido)acetic acid	Generator
(alpha-Methylguanido)acetate	Generator
(Α-methylguanido)acetate	Generator
(Α-methylguanido)acetic acid	Generator
(N-Methylcarbamimidamido)acetate	Generator
a-Methylguanidino acetate	Generator
a-Methylguanidino acetic acid	Generator
alpha-Methylguanidino acetate	Generator
Α-methylguanidino acetate	Generator
Α-methylguanidino acetic acid	Generator
Cosmocair C 100	HMDB
Creatine hydrate	HMDB
Krebiozon	HMDB
Methylguanidoacetate	HMDB
Methylguanidoacetic acid	HMDB
N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-methyl-glycine	HMDB
Phosphagen	HMDB
[[Amino(imino)methyl](methyl)amino]acetate	HMDB
[[Amino(imino)methyl](methyl)amino]acetic acid	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₄H₉N₃O₂

Average Mass

131.1332

Monoisotopic Mass

131.069476547

IUPAC Name

2-(N-methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid

Traditional Name

creatine

CAS Registry Number

Not Available

SMILES

CN(CC(O)=O)C(N)=N

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C4H9N3O2/c1-7(4(5)6)2-3(8)9/h2H2,1H3,(H3,5,6)(H,8,9)

InChI Key

CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Alpha amino acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
Guanidine
Carboximidamide
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Imine
Carbonyl group
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

glycine derivative (CHEBI:16919 )
guanidines (CHEBI:16919 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	4.11 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-1.6	ALOGPS
logP	-2.9	ChemAxon
logS	-1.5	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.5	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	12.43	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	90.41 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	42.01 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	12.17 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-0900000000-7739f1c16da098ff4661	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-f89f340e776ae37776b3	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-0900000000-7739f1c16da098ff4661	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-f89f340e776ae37776b3	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-4697e8a17788c105f1aa	2017-09-01	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-9600000000-ef8c833ca7ddb4b1a500	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000x-9800000000-bc1387ab36f71e04b988	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-9000000000-6c686da36a88d9fbdbcf	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-9000000000-13b7d28e8f5be1c5dada	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-cc4bd4c587dd80f63bcb	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0udi-3900000000-d35c7578ad50de8377b7	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-a4d7fee14f74e1ed8b4b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-e5d62520dfcbf4bfe5c9	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-06fbcf897ccce3fa90b7	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-9a0b8275e74605a92681	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000f-9000000000-5f622f2c3de4f213a8ed	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-20ba65c7a2c9434fcf39	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-01qc-0965022201-53bb6f168e0934ae4a87	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-638479794e8c3a6e0b61	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-39676937b1a3ad0dc0bc	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03di-0090000000-d53c75786742ecdb3c16	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-001l-0945022201-2fc3f234454021c5e202	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-40aa07f89dddb181e489	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-5aca4d0b8ed7d2500af2	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03di-0190000000-9a9685c32bf6c721a497	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-001i-1900000000-c99f9492e0b84d5fae6b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-0006-9300000000-8ab609e6dd62bd18841f	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-e04e407d5f06d21582c4	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-fd81d06317727fa740b1	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-8428e2af90720afb4337	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-3162b4c94e66796a643b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-0006-9100000000-47f885347545055f546d	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Mitochondria

Biospecimen Locations

Adipose Tissue
Bladder
Blood
Brain
Breast Milk
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Epidermis
Feces
Fibroblasts
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Neuron
Placenta
Platelet
Prostate
Saliva
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Testis
Urine

Tissue Locations

Adipose Tissue
Bladder
Brain
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Neuron
Placenta
Platelet
Prostate
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Testis

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0192092	Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase	Unknown	Q14353	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192122	Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial	Enzyme	P50440	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192357	Creatine kinase S-type, mitochondrial	Enzyme	P17540	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192358	Creatine kinase B-type	Enzyme	P12277	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192359	Creatine kinase U-type, mitochondrial	Enzyme	P12532	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192360	Creatine kinase M-type	Enzyme	P06732	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193160	Solute carrier family 22 member 5	Transporter	O76082	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193708	Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1	Unknown	P48029	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196311	Paired mesoderm homeobox protein 1	Unknown	P54821	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196312	DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-3	Unknown	Q02535	Homo sapiens

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0000528	Creatine	Creatine	Not Available	Creatine Transport (Sodium Symport) (2:1)	VMH	12719981
MMDBr0000529	Creatine	Creatine	Not Available	Creatine Transport To/from Mitochondria via Diffusion	VMH	14977199 3896131
MMDBr0001263	S-Adenosylmethionine	S-Adenosylhomocysteine	Guanidinoacetate n-methyltransferase	Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase, Cytosolic	VMH	2001229
MMDBr0002775	Creatine	Creatine	Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 8	Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.4	VMH	11165387 12110547 12145274 15918910 3896131 9386672
MMDBr0013321	Creatinine	Creatine	Creatinine amidohydrolase	Hydrolysis of bond	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0014213	Creatine	Sarcosine	Creatinase	Hydrolysis	RHEA	34755880

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Alzheimer's disease	Slight Increase	Association	Human Saliva	HMDB	23857558
Cirrhosis	Slight Decrease	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	7752905
Frontotemporal dementia	Increased	Association	Human Saliva	HMDB	23857558
Hypermethioninemia		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	15024124
Lung cancer		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	22157537
Rhabdomyolysis	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	12089184
Schizophrenia		Association	Human Blood	HMDB	24713860
Uremia	Increased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	12675874
Eosinophilic esophagitis	Slight Decrease	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	2	Human ; Human urine; Human feces	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	1	Human ; Human feces; Human sputum; Human saliva; Human supragingival plaque; Human subgingival plaque	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	1	Human
Bacteria	Firmicutes	1

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Source Sub-type	Species	Data Source	Reference
Animal		Clupea harengus harengus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Undaria pinnatifida	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Peprilus triacanthus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Rhodophyta	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Myoxocephalus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Eucheuma	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Saccharina japonica	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Spirulina	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Lota lota	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Porphyra umbilicalis	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Chondrus crispus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Laminaria	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Haliotis	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Strombidae	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Curcuma longa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sesbania bispinosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Elettaria cardamomum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes x nidigrolaria	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ananas comosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Persea americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Garcinia mangostana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Dioscorea pentaphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium tuberosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lathyrus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cichorium intybus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Corchorus olitorius	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chenopodium quinoa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucumis melo	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Gaylussacia baccata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Petasites japonicus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus tomentosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Maranta arundinacea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha x piperita	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cinnamomum verum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Matteuccia struthiopteris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita moschata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium myrtilloides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tilia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Macadamia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ocimum basilicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Nelumbo	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Apium graveolens var. rapaceum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Papaver	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. conica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum annuum var. annuum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Glycine max	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus limon	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lippia graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Annona cherimola	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa var. pekinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sesamum orientale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capparis spinosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium deliciosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Shoot	Malus pumila	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus sinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Artocarpus heterophyllus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus virginiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lens culinaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phaseolus lunatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Macadamia tetraphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Musa acuminata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carissa macrocarpa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lagenaria siceraria	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Linum usitatissimum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrullus lanatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Satureja hortensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sorbus aucuparia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phyllostachys edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Averrhoa carambola	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carum carvi	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium schoenoprasum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus reticulata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus domestica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus armeniaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. costata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Panax	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Nelumbo nucifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa var. rapa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cymbopogon citratus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Bertholletia excelsa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ceratonia siliqua	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna umbellata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Luffa aegyptiaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Anethum graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Coriandrum sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus occidentalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium fistulosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tilia cordata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carthamus tinctorius	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lupinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium alaskaense	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cicer arietinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Durio zibethinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Anacardium occidentale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus persica var. nucipersica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes glandulosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica napus var. pabularia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Verbena officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Oenothera biennis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium oxycoccos	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Diospyros kaki	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rumex acetosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Virola surinamensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Theobroma cacao	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Aloysia triphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium parvifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Camellia sinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum chinense	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. capitata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pyrus pyrifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium reticulatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum quitoense	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium myrtillus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phaseolus vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Daucus carota ssp. sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Theobroma grandiflorum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Syzygium aromaticum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ginkgo biloba	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Satureja montana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Perideridia oregana	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Flammulina velutipes	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium arboreum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Wasabia japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Origanum onites	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vicia faba	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pouteria sapota	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus avium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Viburnum edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Piper nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis vinifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium uliginosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Dioscorea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Origanum vulgare	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum annuum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Momordica charantia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Castanea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus ursinus x idaeus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cirsium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Raphanus sativus var. sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Opuntia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus persica var. persica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pleurotus ostreatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Colocasia esculenta	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. italica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Anthriscus cerefolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum melongena	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Nuphar lutea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pachyrhizus erosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lupinus albus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Dysphania ambrosioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cichorium endivia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Raphanus sativus var. niger	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Myristica fragrans	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Elaeis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cinnamomum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Photinia melanocarpa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes uva-crispa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Feijoa sellowiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Apium graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Syzygium jambos	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rheum rhabarbarum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Crocus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Salix pulchra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lablab purpureus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Fagus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus maxima	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cydonia oblonga	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Castanea sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Salvia officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium ovatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Opuntia cochenillifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Annona muricata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Thymus pulegioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mespilus germanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phaseolus coccineus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa var. perviridis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cocos nucifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tamarindus indica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha aquatica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Salvia elegans	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sagittaria latifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sambucus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Syzygium cumini	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Typha angustifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Psidium guajava	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Empetrum nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Myrica rubra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tilia tomentosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Olea europaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Valerianella locusta	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium angustifolium x vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sisymbrium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Daucus carota	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium vitis-idaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vanilla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum tuberosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carya	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Borago officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Scorzonera hispanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Hyssopus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Manihot esculenta	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Angelica keiskei	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Raphanus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l. f. alba dc.	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ipomoea aquatica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus dulcis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus spectabilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna radiata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Musa x paradisiaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cantharellus cibarius	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cuminum cyminum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sinapis alba	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica ruvo	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Fragaria x ananassa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pyrus communis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Morus nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Apium graveolens var. secalinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus idaeus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Arachis hypogaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pinus edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Abelmoschus esculentus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Opuntia macrorhiza	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Moringa oleifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Passiflora edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Manilkara zapota	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna angularis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium cepa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Malus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha spicata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Corylus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sambucus nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mangifera indica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Illicium verum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Helianthus annuus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chamaemelum nobile	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Auricularia auricula-judae	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Zingiber officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Laurus nobilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Shoot	Eriobotrya japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Petroselinum crispum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans ailanthifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Attalea speciosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Polygonum alpinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pisum sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Hippophae rhamnoides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Melissa officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pediomelum esculentum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Auricularia polytricha	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica juncea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Camellia oleifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chrysanthemum coronarium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eleocharis dulcis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Actinidia chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus arcticus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Spinacia oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carica papaya	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Thymus vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pimenta dioica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rumex articus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Medicago sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Hibiscus sabdariffa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Agaricus bisporus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Canarium ovatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes aureum var. villosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna mungo	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Benincasa hispida	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cajanus cajan	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Armoracia rusticana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Origanum majorana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus persica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans cinerea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium macrocarpon	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Foeniculum vulgare	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Arctium lappa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phoenix dactylifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Metroxylon sagu	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Artocarpus altilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis rotundifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Psidium cattleianum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cyathea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna unguiculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brosimum alicastrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cynara scolymus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Castanea mollissima	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rosmarinus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lentinus edodes	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus cerasus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus x paradisi	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Morus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ficus carica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis labrusca	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lepidium sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phytolacca americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Helianthus tuberosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucumis metuliferus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Myrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Grifola frondosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Beta vulgaris var. rubra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Nephelium lappaceum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tetragonia tetragonioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Artemisia vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Castanea crenata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Quercus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Corylus avellana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium angustifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Litchi chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Physalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Malpighia emarginata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Thelesperma	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans regia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Trigonella foenum-graecum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chamerion angustifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. sabauda	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium elliottii	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica napus	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Levisticum officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Asparagus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ziziphus zizyphus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Dimocarpus longan	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Salvia hispanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus aurantiifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cynara cardunculus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pangium edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Matricaria recutita	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lactuca sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pimpinella anisum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Artemisia dracunculus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. viridis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Agave	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Hedysarum alpinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitellaria paradoxa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eragrostis tef	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna aconitifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pistacia vera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Diospyros	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Amaranthus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mammea americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Punica granatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Annona squamosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Gossypium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica alboglabra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Apium graveolens var. dulce	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Beta vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Xanthosoma sagittifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Basella alba	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus latifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Byrsonima crassifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum pubescens	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carya illinoinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Crateva religiosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis aestivalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eugenia javanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha arvensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucumis sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium stamineum	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa var. chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cinnamomum aromaticum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes rubrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Portulaca oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ipomoea batatas	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium ampeloprasum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chenopodium album	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Grataegosorbus mitschurinii	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pastinaca sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita maxima	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sechium edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Diospyros virginiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Origanum x majoricum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rumex	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lactuca sativa l. var. longifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus x loganobaccus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tragopogon porrifolius	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium ascalonicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus chamaemorus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Amelanchier alnifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eugenia uniflora	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Taraxacum officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Annona reticulata	FooDB	31437929

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	29.86	19.99			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	75				uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1	HMDB	11326334
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	220				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1	HMDB	11326334
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1				uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3	HMDB	23770102
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			31	40	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 3	HMDB	23770102
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	25.7		16.5	30.8	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Cirrhosis	HMDB	7752905
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	40.3		28.3	56.6	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Cirrhosis	HMDB	7752905
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	34.7	10.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Early preeclampsia	HMDB	22494326
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	26.61	5.64			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Frontotemporal lobe dementia	HMDB	23857558
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	528	42			uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Hypermethioninemia	HMDB	15024124
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	41.5	5.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Late-onset preeclampsia	HMDB	23159745
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	19.48	12.88			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lewy body disease	HMDB	23857558
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	37.0		0.0	197.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Both	Lung cancer	HMDB	22157537
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	23.84	11.5			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	24704061
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	33.4	15.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23159745
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	34.4	11.8			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23313728
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	35.6	15.15			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23535240
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	37.4	13.0			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	22494326
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1540				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Rhabdomyolysis	HMDB	12089184
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	43.2	18.10			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Schizophrenia	HMDB	24713860
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1022.901	231.298			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Uremia	HMDB	12675874
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	106.76				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25712379
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<35				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	11326334
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<70				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	11326334
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.00082	0.0011			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31775291
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1	1.8	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31506554
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			10	44	uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	11326334
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			11	244	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	23770102
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	113.0		0.00	654.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6321058
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	113		0	654	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6321058
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	13.68		4.63	104.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.93		4.74	455.8	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			17	109	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	23770102
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			17	720	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	23770102
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			25	776	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24909877
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	25.94	9.75			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	23857558
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			30	80	uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	11326334
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	30.1	12.3			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	7752905
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	32.22	16.42			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24713860
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			33.8	75.8	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7752905
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	36.7	28.3			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21359215
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			4.66	455.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	44	13			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18502700
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	46		3	448	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			5	50	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	23770102
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	50.77	21.53			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	26010610
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	51.6	24.5			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	54.8	21.0			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	7752905
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			6	1208	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	23770102
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	74.0458	25.191			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12675874
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	87	19			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	15024124
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	233.588	539.846			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	497.145	435.142			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			10	1350	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.00	404.37	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	David F. Putnam Composition and Concentrative Properties of Human Urine. NASA Contractor Report. July 1971
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	26.0		5.0	95.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	46.0		9.0	135.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	53.0		17.0	82.0	uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	84.0	23.2			uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	11.3				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Shaykhutdinov RA, MacInnis GD, Dowlatabadi R, Weljie AM, Vogel HJ. Quantitative analysis of metabolite concentrations in human urine samples using 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics. 2009 5:307-317
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	23.2	29.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	30.7	14.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	33.9	45.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	8.32	3.30			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	30.12	18.36			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Zerihun T. Dame, Farid Aziat, Rupasri Mandal, Ram Krishnamurthy, Souhaila Bouatra, Shima Borzouie, An Chi Guo, Tanvir Sajed, Lu Deng, Hong Lin, Philip Liu, Edison Dong, David S. Wishart "The human saliva metabolome" Metabolomics (2015) DOI 10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Adipose tissue	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Bladder	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Brain	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Epidermis	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Fibroblasts	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Heart	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Intestine	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Kidney	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Neuron	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Platelet	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Prostate	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Skeletal muscle	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Spleen	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Testis	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22800120
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27355821
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27355821
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	17349089
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	17349089
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000064

DrugBank ID

DB00148

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB005403

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

586

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

16919

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Bales JR, Higham DP, Howe I, Nicholson JK, Sadler PJ: Use of high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for rapid multi-component analysis of urine. Clin Chem. 1984 Mar;30(3):426-32. [PubMed:6321058 ]
Nicholson JK, Buckingham MJ, Sadler PJ: High resolution 1H n.m.r. studies of vertebrate blood and plasma. Biochem J. 1983 Jun 1;211(3):605-15. doi: 10.1042/bj2110605. [PubMed:6411064 ]
Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, Cederblad G, Greenhaff PL: Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Jul;81(1):232-7. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.232. [PubMed:8828669 ]
Jenkins CB, Ghidini A, Spong CY, Eglinton GS, Pezzullo JC, Michejda M: Evaluation of early second trimester maternal serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB as a marker of poor pregnancy outcome. Fetal Diagn Ther. 1997 Nov-Dec;12(6):356-9. doi: 10.1159/000264505. [PubMed:9475367 ]
Engelhardt M, Neumann G, Berbalk A, Reuter I: Creatine supplementation in endurance sports. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Jul;30(7):1123-9. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199807000-00016. [PubMed:9662683 ]
Dangott B, Schultz E, Mozdziak PE: Dietary creatine monohydrate supplementation increases satellite cell mitotic activity during compensatory hypertrophy. Int J Sports Med. 2000 Jan;21(1):13-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-8848. [PubMed:10683092 ]
Ellington WR: A dimeric creatine kinase from a sponge: implications in terms of phosphagen kinase evolution. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 May;126(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00178-4. [PubMed:10825659 ]
Fredericks S, Murray JF, Bewick M, Chang R, Collinson PO, Carter ND, Holt DW: Cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase MB are not increased in exterior oblique muscle of patients with renal failure. Clin Chem. 2001 Jun;47(6):1023-30. [PubMed:11375287 ]
Jiao YF, Okumiya T, Saibara T, Kudo Y, Sugiura T: Erythrocyte creatine as a marker of excessive erythrocyte destruction due to hypersplenism in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Biochem. 2001 Jul;34(5):395-8. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00242-9. [PubMed:11522277 ]
Wang PF, McLeish MJ, Kneen MM, Lee G, Kenyon GL: An unusually low pK(a) for Cys282 in the active site of human muscle creatine kinase. Biochemistry. 2001 Oct 2;40(39):11698-705. doi: 10.1021/bi011208f. [PubMed:11570870 ]
Hespel P, Op't Eijnde B, Van Leemputte M, Urso B, Greenhaff PL, Labarque V, Dymarkowski S, Van Hecke P, Richter EA: Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Oct 15;536(Pt 2):625-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0625c.xd. [PubMed:11600695 ]
Schonberger B: [Overactive bladder--which diagnosis investigations are necessary before initiating primary treatment?]. Urologe A. 2003 Jun;42(6):787-92. doi: 10.1007/s00120-003-0362-z. Epub 2003 Apr 25. [PubMed:12851769 ]
Juhn M: Popular sports supplements and ergogenic aids. Sports Med. 2003;33(12):921-39. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333120-00004. [PubMed:12974658 ]
Burke DG, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, Tarnopolsky MA, Candow DG: Effect of alpha-lipoic acid combined with creatine monohydrate on human skeletal muscle creatine and phosphagen concentration. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Sep;13(3):294-302. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.13.3.294. [PubMed:14669930 ]
Yoshizumi WM, Tsourounis C: Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function. J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(1):1-7. [PubMed:15273072 ]
Mendes RR, Pires I, Oliveira A, Tirapegui J: Effects of creatine supplementation on the performance and body composition of competitive swimmers. J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Aug;15(8):473-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2003.12.012. [PubMed:15302082 ]
Harris RC, Almada AL, Harris DB, Dunnett M, Hespel P: The creatine content of Creatine Serum and the change in the plasma concentration with ingestion of a single dose. J Sports Sci. 2004 Sep;22(9):851-7. doi: 10.1080/02640410310001658739. [PubMed:15513279 ]
Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. doi: 10.1002/nbm.944. [PubMed:15627241 ]
Preen DB, Dawson BT, Goodman C, Beilby J, Ching S: Comparison of erythrocyte and skeletal muscle creatine accumulation following creatine loading. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005 Feb;15(1):84-93. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.15.1.84. [PubMed:15902992 ]
Poortmans JR, Kumps A, Duez P, Fofonka A, Carpentier A, Francaux M: Effect of oral creatine supplementation on urinary methylamine, formaldehyde, and formate. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Oct;37(10):1717-20. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000176398.64189.e6. [PubMed:16260971 ]
Lukaszuk JM, Robertson RJ, Arch JE, Moyna NM: Effect of a defined lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet and oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on plasma creatine concentration. J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Nov;19(4):735-40. doi: 10.1519/R-16224.1. [PubMed:16287366 ]
McConell GK, Shinewell J, Stephens TJ, Stathis CG, Canny BJ, Snow RJ: Creatine supplementation reduces muscle inosine monophosphate during endurance exercise in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Dec;37(12):2054-61. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000179096.03129.a4. [PubMed:16331129 ]
McMorris T, Harris RC, Swain J, Corbett J, Collard K, Dyson RJ, Dye L, Hodgson C, Draper N: Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Mar;185(1):93-103. doi: 10.1007/s00213-005-0269-z. Epub 2006 Jan 17. [PubMed:16416332 ]
Sheth NP, Sennett B, Berns JS: Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following arthroscopic knee surgery in a college football player taking creatine supplements. Clin Nephrol. 2006 Feb;65(2):134-7. doi: 10.5414/cnp65134. [PubMed:16509464 ]
Olsen S, Aagaard P, Kadi F, Tufekovic G, Verney J, Olesen JL, Suetta C, Kjaer M: Creatine supplementation augments the increase in satellite cell and myonuclei number in human skeletal muscle induced by strength training. J Physiol. 2006 Jun 1;573(Pt 2):525-34. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.107359. Epub 2006 Mar 31. [PubMed:16581862 ]
Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Stoeckler-Ipsiroglu S, Adami A, Appleton R, Araujo HC, Duran M, Ensenauer R, Fernandez-Alvarez E, Garcia P, Grolik C, Item CB, Leuzzi V, Marquardt I, Muhl A, Saelke-Kellermann RA, Salomons GS, Schulze A, Surtees R, van der Knaap MS, Vasconcelos R, Verhoeven NM, Vilarinho L, Wilichowski E, Jakobs C: GAMT deficiency: features, treatment, and outcome in an inborn error of creatine synthesis. Neurology. 2006 Aug 8;67(3):480-4. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000234852.43688.bf. Epub 2006 Jul 19. [PubMed:16855203 ]
Bird SP: Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: a brief review. J Sports Sci Med. 2003 Dec 1;2(4):123-32. eCollection 2003 Dec. [PubMed:24688272 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Showing metabocard for Creatine (MMDBc0000330)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fa4ec5283c8>