MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Threonic acid (MMDBc0000380)

Not Available

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-12-10 18:36:30 UTC

Update Date

2024-10-13 07:26:22 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000380

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Threonic acid

Description

Threonic acid, also known as threonate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because L-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (PMID:21034532 ). Threonic acid is probably derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. It is a normal component in aqueous humour and blood (PMID:10420182 ). Threonic acid is a substrate of L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.129) in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway (KEGG). It has been found to be a microbial metabolite (PMID:20615997 ).

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
L-Threonate	Kegg
(2R,3S)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoic acid	Kegg
L-Threonic acid	Generator
(2R,3S)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoate	Generator
Threonate	Generator
Threonic acid, (R-(r,s))-isomer	HMDB
2,3,4-Trihydroxy-(threo)-butanoic acid	HMDB
Threonic acid, (r,r)-isomer	HMDB
2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoic acid	HMDB
2,3,4-Trihydroxybutyric acid	HMDB
Threonic acid	MeSH, HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₄H₈O₅

Average Mass

136.1033

Monoisotopic Mass

136.037173366

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

Not Available

CAS Registry Number

Not Available

SMILES

Not Available

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C4H8O5/c5-1-2(6)3(7)4(8)9/h2-3,5-7H,1H2,(H,8,9)/t2-,3+/m0/s1

InChI Key

JPIJQSOTBSSVTP-STHAYSLISA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Sugar acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Beta-hydroxy acid
Short-chain hydroxy acid
Sugar acid
Alpha-hydroxy acid
Hydroxy acid
Monosaccharide
Fatty acid
Secondary alcohol
Polyol
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Alcohol
Carbonyl group
Primary alcohol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic oxide
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

threonic acid (CHEBI:15908 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Feces
Placenta
Saliva
Sweat
Urine

Tissue Locations

Placenta

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0000790	2,3-Diketo-L-gulonate	Oxalic acid	Not Available		VMH	10727845 9296457

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Eosinophilic esophagitis		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Verrucomicrobia	1	Human feces; Human stool; Human ; Human urine	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	8	Human feces; Human urine; Human ; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human stool; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria	Firmicutes	5	Human feces; Human saliva; Human sputum; Human ; Human urine; Human subgingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human stool	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	1	Human feces; Human	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	1	Human ; Human feces; Human sputum; Human saliva; Human supragingival plaque; Human subgingival plaque	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Species	Data Source	Reference
Animal	Haliotis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Strombidae	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Clupea harengus harengus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Undaria pinnatifida	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Peprilus triacanthus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Rhodophyta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Myoxocephalus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Eucheuma	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Saccharina japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Spirulina	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Lota lota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Porphyra umbilicalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Chondrus crispus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Laminaria	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Grataegosorbus mitschurinii	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pastinaca sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cucurbita maxima	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Sechium edule	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Diospyros virginiana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Origanum x majoricum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lactuca sativa l. var. longifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rumex	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rubus x loganobaccus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Tragopogon porrifolius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Allium ascalonicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rubus chamaemorus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Amelanchier alnifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Eugenia uniflora	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Taraxacum officinale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Annona reticulata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Curcuma longa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Sesbania bispinosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Elettaria cardamomum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ribes x nidigrolaria	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ananas comosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Persea americana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Garcinia mangostana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Dioscorea pentaphylla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Allium tuberosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lathyrus sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cichorium intybus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Corchorus olitorius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Chenopodium quinoa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cucumis melo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Juglans nigra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Gaylussacia baccata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Petasites japonicus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus tomentosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Maranta arundinacea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Mentha x piperita	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cinnamomum verum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Matteuccia struthiopteris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cucurbita moschata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium myrtilloides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Tilia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Macadamia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ocimum basilicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Nelumbo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Apium graveolens var. rapaceum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Papaver	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. conica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Glycine max	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Capsicum annuum var. annuum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrus limon	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lippia graveolens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Annona cherimola	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica rapa var. pekinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica rapa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Sesamum orientale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Capparis spinosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium deliciosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrus sinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Artocarpus heterophyllus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus virginiana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lens culinaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Phaseolus lunatus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Macadamia tetraphylla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Musa acuminata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Carissa macrocarpa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrullus lanatus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lagenaria siceraria	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Linum usitatissimum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Satureja hortensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Sorbus aucuparia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Phyllostachys edulis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Averrhoa carambola	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Carum carvi	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Allium schoenoprasum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrus reticulata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus domestica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus armeniaca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. costata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Panax	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Nelumbo nucifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica rapa var. rapa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cymbopogon citratus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Bertholletia excelsa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ceratonia siliqua	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vigna umbellata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Luffa aegyptiaca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Anethum graveolens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Coriandrum sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rubus occidentalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Allium fistulosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Capsicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Tilia cordata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Carthamus tinctorius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lupinus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium alaskaense	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cicer arietinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Durio zibethinus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Anacardium occidentale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus persica var. nucipersica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Eriobotrya japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ribes glandulosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica napus var. pabularia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Verbena officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Oenothera biennis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium oxycoccos	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Diospyros kaki	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rumex acetosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Virola surinamensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Theobroma cacao	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Camellia sinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Aloysia triphylla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium parvifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Capsicum chinense	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. capitata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pyrus pyrifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium reticulatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Solanum quitoense	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium myrtillus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Phaseolus vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Daucus carota ssp. sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Theobroma grandiflorum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Syzygium aromaticum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ginkgo biloba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Satureja montana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Perideridia oregana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Flammulina velutipes	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium arboreum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrus japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Wasabia japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Origanum onites	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vicia faba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pouteria sapota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus avium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Viburnum edule	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Piper nigrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vitis vinifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium uliginosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Dioscorea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Origanum vulgare	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Capsicum annuum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Momordica charantia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Castanea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rubus ursinus x idaeus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cirsium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Raphanus sativus var. sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Opuntia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus persica var. persica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pleurotus ostreatus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Colocasia esculenta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. italica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Anthriscus cerefolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Solanum melongena	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Nuphar lutea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pachyrhizus erosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lupinus albus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Dysphania ambrosioides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cichorium endivia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Raphanus sativus var. niger	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Myristica fragrans	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Elaeis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cinnamomum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Photinia melanocarpa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ribes uva-crispa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Feijoa sellowiana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Apium graveolens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Syzygium jambos	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rheum rhabarbarum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Crocus sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Salix pulchra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lablab purpureus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Fagus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrus maxima	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cydonia oblonga	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Castanea sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Salvia officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium ovatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Opuntia cochenillifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Annona muricata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Thymus pulegioides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Mespilus germanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cucurbita	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Phaseolus coccineus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica rapa var. perviridis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cocos nucifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Tamarindus indica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Mentha aquatica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Salvia elegans	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Mentha	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Sagittaria latifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Sambucus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Syzygium cumini	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Typha angustifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Psidium guajava	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Empetrum nigrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Myrica rubra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pinus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Tilia tomentosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Olea europaea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Valerianella locusta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium angustifolium x vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Sisymbrium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Daucus carota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Solanum tuberosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vanilla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Carya	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Borago officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Scorzonera hispanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Hyssopus officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Manihot esculenta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Angelica keiskei	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Raphanus sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l. f. alba dc.	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ipomoea aquatica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus dulcis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rubus spectabilis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vigna radiata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Musa x paradisiaca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Allium sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cantharellus cibarius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cuminum cyminum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Sinapis alba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica ruvo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Fragaria x ananassa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pyrus communis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Morus nigra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Apium graveolens var. secalinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rubus idaeus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Arachis hypogaea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pinus edulis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Abelmoschus esculentus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Opuntia macrorhiza	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Solanum lycopersicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Moringa oleifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Passiflora edulis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Manilkara zapota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vigna angularis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Allium cepa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Malus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Mentha spicata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Corylus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Juglans	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Sambucus nigra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Mangifera indica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Illicium verum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Helianthus annuus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ribes nigrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Chamaemelum nobile	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Auricularia auricula-judae	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Zingiber officinale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Laurus nobilis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Petroselinum crispum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Juglans ailanthifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Attalea speciosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pisum sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Polygonum alpinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Hippophae rhamnoides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Melissa officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pediomelum esculentum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Auricularia polytricha	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica juncea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Camellia oleifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Chrysanthemum coronarium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Eleocharis dulcis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Actinidia chinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rubus arcticus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Spinacia oleracea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Carica papaya	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Thymus vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pimenta dioica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rumex articus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Medicago sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Hibiscus sabdariffa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Agaricus bisporus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vigna mungo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Canarium ovatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ribes aureum var. villosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Benincasa hispida	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cajanus cajan	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Armoracia rusticana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Origanum majorana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus persica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Juglans cinerea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium macrocarpon	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Foeniculum vulgare	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Arctium lappa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Phoenix dactylifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Metroxylon sagu	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Artocarpus altilis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vitis rotundifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Psidium cattleianum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cyathea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vigna unguiculata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brosimum alicastrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cynara scolymus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Castanea mollissima	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Prunus cerasus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Rosmarinus officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lentinus edodes	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrus x paradisi	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Morus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ficus carica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vitis labrusca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lepidium sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Phytolacca americana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Beta vulgaris var. rubra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Helianthus tuberosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cucumis metuliferus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Myrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Grifola frondosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Nephelium lappaceum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Tetragonia tetragonioides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Artemisia vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Castanea crenata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Quercus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Corylus avellana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium angustifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Litchi chinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Physalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Malpighia emarginata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Thelesperma	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Juglans regia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Trigonella foenum-graecum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Chamerion angustifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. sabauda	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium elliottii	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica napus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Levisticum officinale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Asparagus officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ziziphus zizyphus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Dimocarpus longan	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Salvia hispanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrus aurantiifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cynara cardunculus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pangium edule	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Matricaria recutita	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Lactuca sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pimpinella anisum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vitellaria paradoxa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Allium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Artemisia dracunculus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. viridis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Agave	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Hedysarum alpinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Eragrostis tef	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vigna aconitifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Pistacia vera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Diospyros	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Amaranthus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Mammea americana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Malus pumila	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Punica granatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Annona squamosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Gossypium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica alboglabra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Apium graveolens var. dulce	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Beta vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Xanthosoma sagittifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Basella alba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vitis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Citrus latifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Byrsonima crassifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Capsicum pubescens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Carya illinoinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Crateva religiosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vitis aestivalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Eugenia javanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Mentha arvensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cucumis sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Vaccinium stamineum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Brassica rapa var. chinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Cinnamomum aromaticum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ribes rubrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Portulaca oleracea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Ipomoea batatas	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Allium ampeloprasum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Chenopodium album	FooDB	Manually Annotated

Source Type	Activity	Data Source	Reference
Drugs	Antimicrobial	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	13.4		5.1	46.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.2		4.2	36.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.8		8.6	36.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	20.8		10.2	39.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.1		1.7	13.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.5		2.1	13.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	114.997	87.963			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	88.928	40.543			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	10.0	7.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	63.0	21.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21389975
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24029555
Human Sweat	Detected but not Quantified						Adult	Both	Normal	HMDB	26755145
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24740205
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24801555
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000943

DrugBank ID

DB11192

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Threonic_acid

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

5460407

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

15908

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Watts RW, Hauschildt S, Chalmers RA, Lawson AM: Metabolic investigations during xylitol infusion. Int Z Vitam Ernahrungsforsch Beih. 1976;15:216-25. [PubMed:821885 ]
Chalmers RA, Lawson AM, Hauschildt S, Watts RW: The urinary excretion of glycollic acid and threonic acid by xylitol-infused patients and their relationship to the possible role of 'active glycoladehyde' in the transketolase reaction in vivo. Biochem Soc Trans. 1975;3(4):518-21. doi: 10.1042/bst0030518. [PubMed:1183712 ]
Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
Harding JJ, Hassett PC, Rixon KC, Bron AJ, Harvey DJ: Sugars including erythronic and threonic acids in human aqueous humour. Curr Eye Res. 1999 Aug;19(2):131-6. doi: 10.1076/ceyr.19.2.131.5334. [PubMed:10420182 ]
Leveque N, Mac-Mary S, Muret P, Makki S, Aubin F, Kantelip JP, Heusele C, S S, Humbert P: Evaluation of a sunscreen photoprotective effect by ascorbic acid assessment in human dermis using microdialysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Exp Dermatol. 2005 Mar;14(3):176-81. doi: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00263.x. [PubMed:15740589 ]
van Duynhoven J, Vaughan EE, Jacobs DM, Kemperman RA, van Velzen EJ, Gross G, Roger LC, Possemiers S, Smilde AK, Dore J, Westerhuis JA, Van de Wiele T: Metabolic fate of polyphenols in the human superorganism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 15;108 Suppl 1:4531-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000098107. Epub 2010 Jun 25. [PubMed:20615997 ]
Kwack MH, Ahn JS, Kim MK, Kim JC, Sung YK: Preventable effect of L-threonate, an ascorbate metabolite, on androgen-driven balding via repression of dihydrotestosterone-induced dickkopf-1 expression in human hair dermal papilla cells. BMB Rep. 2010 Oct;43(10):688-92. doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2010.43.10.688. [PubMed:21034532 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Showing metabocard for Threonic acid (MMDBc0000380)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb58297d28>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb58297d28>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb58297d28>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb58297d28>

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Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb58297d28>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb58297d28>