Record Information
Version1.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2020-12-10 18:37:02 UTC
Update Date2024-04-30 19:32:15 UTC
Metabolite IDMMDBc0000406
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePalmitoylethanolamide
DescriptionN-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is present in the tissues of most mammals. It was initially described as an agonist of the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2), although it is now universally recognized that PEA is in fact incapable of binding to cannabinoid receptors, or at least not to the known receptors. In addition to its anti-inflammatory activity, PEA also produces analgesia, neuroprotection, and possesses anti-epileptic properties. It also reduces gastrointestinal motility and cancer cell proliferation, as well as protecting the vascular endothelium in the ischemic heart. The physiological stimuli that regulate PEA levels in mammalian tissues are largely unknown, however, multiple studies indicate that this lipid accumulates during cellular stress, particularly following tissue injury. For example, PEA increases post-mortem in the pig brain. Similar elevations in PEA levels have been observed in the ischemic brain and PEA is also up-regulated in response to ultraviolet-B irradiation in mouse epidermal cells. Adipose tissue is highly implicated in the systemic secretion of IL-6 and leptin, and human mature adipocytes are able to secrete large quantity of PEA. Human adipose tissue can be subjected to modulation of its inflammatory state by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS strongly inhibits adipose cell leptin release, with PEA acting as a potentiator of this inhibitory effect. These actions are not linked to a reduction in leptin gene transcription. Thus, PEA does not have an anti-inflammatory role in the secretion of IL-6 via NFkappaB at the adipocyte level, but instead seems to act at the heart of the LPS-stimulated pathway, which, independently of NFkappaB, inhibits the secretion of leptin. (PMID: 16884908 ).
Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
Anandamide (16:0)ChEBI
Hexadecanoyl ethanolamideChEBI
HydroxyethylpalmitamideChEBI
Monoethanolamine palmitic acid amideChEBI
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)palmitamideChEBI
N-HexadecanoylethanolamineChEBI
N-PalmitoylethanolamineChEBI
PalmidrolChEBI
PalmidrolumChEBI
Palmitamide meaChEBI
Palmitic acid monoethanolamideChEBI
Palmitinsaeure-beta-hydroxyethylamidChEBI
Palmitoyl-eaChEBI
PEAChEBI
Palmdrol prodesKegg
Monoethanolamine palmitate amideGenerator
Palmitate monoethanolamideGenerator
Palmitinsaeure-b-hydroxyethylamidGenerator
Palmitinsaeure-β-hydroxyethylamidGenerator
ImpulsinMeSH
MimyXMeSH
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)palmitateMeSH
PalmitylethanolamideMeSH
N-Hexadecanoyl ethanolamineChEBI, HMDB
Loramine P 256HMDB
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamideHMDB
N-Hexadecyl-ethanolamineHMDB
Palmitoyl ethanolamideHMDB
PalmitoylethanolamideChEBI
Molecular FormulaC18H37NO2
Average Mass299.4919
Monoisotopic Mass299.282429433
IUPAC NameN-(2-hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide
Traditional Namepalmitoylethanolamide
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C18H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-18(21)19-16-17-20/h20H,2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,21)
InChI KeyHXYVTAGFYLMHSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N