Record Information
Version1.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2020-12-10 18:38:42 UTC
Update Date2024-04-30 19:32:34 UTC
Metabolite IDMMDBc0000479
Metabolite Identification
Common NameN-Acetylhistidine
DescriptionN-Acetyl-L-histidine or N-Acetylhistidine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as N-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. N-Acetylhistidine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid. Technically, N-Acetylhistidine is a biologically available N-terminal capped form of the proteinogenic alpha amino acid L-histidine. N-acetyl amino acids can be produced either via direct synthesis of specific N-acetyltransferases or via the proteolytic degradation of N-acetylated proteins by specific hydrolases. N-terminal acetylation of proteins is a widespread and highly conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in protection and stability of proteins (PMID: 16465618 ). About 85% of all human proteins and 68% of all yeast proteins are acetylated at their N-terminus (PMID: 21750686 ). Several proteins from prokaryotes and archaea are also modified by N-terminal acetylation. The majority of eukaryotic N-terminal-acetylation reactions occur through N-acetyltransferase enzymes or NAT’s (PMID: 30054468 ). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. The human NatA complex co-translationally acetylates N-termini that bear a small amino acid (A, S, T, C, and occasionally V and G) (PMID: 30054468 ). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. N-acetylated amino acids, such as N-acetylhistidine can be released by an N-acylpeptide hydrolase from peptides generated by proteolytic degradation (PMID: 16465618 ). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free histidine can also occur. In particular, N-Acetylhistidine can be biosynthesized from L-histidine and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme histidine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.33). Many N-acetylamino acids are classified as uremic toxins if present in high abundance in the serum or plasma (PMID: 26317986 ; PMID: 20613759 ). Uremic toxins are a diverse group of endogenously produced molecules that, if not properly cleared or eliminated by the kidneys, can cause kidney damage, cardiovascular disease and neurological deficits (PMID: 18287557 ).
Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
N-Acetyl histidineChEBI
N-alpha-L-HistidineChEBI
N-Hydroxy-aabpChEBI
N-a-L-HistidineGenerator
N-Α-L-histidineGenerator
N-Acetylhistidine, (DL)-isomerHMDB
N-Acetylhistidine monohydrateHMDB
(2S)-2-Acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acidHMDB
(2S)-2-Acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propionic acidHMDB
(S)-2-Acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoicacidHMDB
N-Acetyl-L-histidineHMDB
N-alpha-Acetyl-L-histidineHMDB
N-Α-acetyl-L-histidineHMDB
N2-AcetylhistidineHMDB
Nalpha-acetyl-L-histidineHMDB
Nalpha-acetylhistidineHMDB
Nα-acetyl-L-histidineHMDB
Nα-acetylhistidineHMDB
alpha-N-Acetyl-L-histidineHMDB
Α-N-acetyl-L-histidineHMDB
N-AcetylhistidineChEBI
Molecular FormulaC8H11N3O3
Average Mass197.194
Monoisotopic Mass197.080041226
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid
Traditional Name(2S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C8H11N3O3/c1-5(12)11-7(8(13)14)2-6-3-9-4-10-6/h3-4,7H,2H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t7-/m0/s1
InChI KeyKBOJOGQFRVVWBH-ZETCQYMHSA-N