MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Retinal (MMDBc0030446)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2021-11-18 00:08:36 UTC

Update Date

2024-10-17 07:59:39 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0030446

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Retinal

Description

A carotenoid constituent of visual pigments. It is the oxidized form of retinol which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is bound to the protein opsin forming the complex rhodopsin. When stimulated by visible light, the retinal component of the rhodopsin complex undergoes isomerization at the 11-position of the double bond to the cis-form; this is reversed in 'dark' reactions to return to the native trans-configuration.; Retinal, also called retinaldehyde or vitamin A aldehyde, is one of the many forms of vitamin A (the number of which varies from species to species). Retinal is a polyene chromophore, and bound to proteins called opsins, is the chemical basis of animal vision. Bound to proteins called type 1 rhodopsins, retinal allows certain microorganisms to convert light into metabolic energy.; The visual cycle is a circular enzymatic pathway, which is the front-end of phototransduction. It regenerates 11-cis-retinal.; Vertebrate animals ingest retinal directly from meat, or produce retinal from one of four carotenoids (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin), which they must obtain from plants or other photosynthetic organisms (no other carotenoids can be converted by animals to retinal, and some carnivores cannot convert any carotenoids at all). The other main forms of vitamin A, retinol, and a partially active form retinoic acid, may both be produced from retinal.; catalyzed by retinal dehydrogenases also known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs) as well as retinal oxidases. Retinoic acid, sometimes called vitamin A acid, is an important signaling molecule and hormone in vertebrate animals.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

HMDB0001358
     RDKit          3D
Retinal
 49 49  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.2811    0.9418    1.9748 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3824    1.5605    0.6611 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3738    1.3741   -0.2312 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2561    0.5703    0.2218 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3767   -0.0616    0.5771 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6904   -0.8292    1.0102 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8677   -1.4556    2.3283 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7157   -1.0675    0.1431 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8341   -1.8707    0.6070 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8588   -2.1432   -0.1827 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9938   -2.9292    0.2413 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1667   -3.5394    1.5954 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.0105   -3.1728   -0.5914 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.1495   -3.9702   -0.1442 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.0784   -4.1604   -0.9537 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5840    2.0468   -1.5020 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6808    1.3161   -2.2656 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3543    2.1264   -2.3871 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9767    3.5008   -1.2601 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1973    3.6614   -0.4149 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5595    2.4024    0.3307 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.2207    1.1771    2.5783 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4138    1.3807    2.5095 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1810   -0.1540    1.9177 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6749    0.5907   -1.0956 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0120   -0.2014    1.8420 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8023   -1.1405    2.8231 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0587   -1.1943    3.0426 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7808   -2.5679    2.2045 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6398   -0.6525   -0.8370 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8403   -2.2648    1.6015 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7981   -1.7494   -1.1798 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.2564   -4.6654    1.5371 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.0446   -3.1012    2.1159 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2834   -3.3704    2.2453 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.9245   -2.7592   -1.5732 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.2209   -4.3929    0.8370 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.8459    0.3557   -1.7717 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2687    1.0858   -3.2893 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5914    1.9385   -2.3808 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1960    1.1755   -2.9264 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5000    2.9165   -3.1775 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4466    2.3921   -1.8189 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0743    3.9701   -0.7754 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1393    3.9657   -2.2361 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0956    3.9757   -1.0176 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0075    4.4913    0.2991 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3154    1.7771   -0.1680 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0095    2.7204    1.2927 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  2  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 11 13  2  0
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  2  0
  3 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 16 18  1  0
 16 19  1  0
 19 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 21  2  1  0
  1 22  1  0
  1 23  1  0
  1 24  1  0
  4 25  1  0
  5 26  1  0
  7 27  1  0
  7 28  1  0
  7 29  1  0
  8 30  1  0
  9 31  1  0
 10 32  1  0
 12 33  1  0
 12 34  1  0
 12 35  1  0
 13 36  1  0
 14 37  1  0
 17 38  1  0
 17 39  1  0
 17 40  1  0
 18 41  1  0
 18 42  1  0
 18 43  1  0
 19 44  1  0
 19 45  1  0
 20 46  1  0
 20 47  1  0
 21 48  1  0
 21 49  1  0
M  END


  Mrv1652303192021402D          

 21 21  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
 9999.479210002.2128    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.193910001.8005    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.908410002.2128    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.622910001.8005    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.337210002.2128    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.052710001.8005    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.765910002.2128    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10004.481310001.8005    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10005.198710002.2128    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10005.912010001.8005    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.765910003.0375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.908410003.0375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.047310000.2001    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.577510001.1195    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.052110003.0375    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.050710002.2132    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.336110001.8007    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.336110000.9754    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.050710000.5630    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.765410000.9754    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.765410001.8007    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  2  0  0  0  0
  3 12  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  2  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  2  0  0  0  0
  7 11  1  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  9 10  2  0  0  0  0
 16 17  1  0  0  0  0
 16 21  2  0  0  0  0
 17 18  1  0  0  0  0
 18 19  1  0  0  0  0
 19 20  1  0  0  0  0
 20 21  1  0  0  0  0
  1 21  1  0  0  0  0
 20 13  1  0  0  0  0
 20 14  1  0  0  0  0
 16 15  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
MMDBc0030446

> <DATABASE_NAME>
MIME

> <SMILES>
C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C/C=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C20H28O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,15H,7,10,14H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+

> <INCHI_KEY>
NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-OVSJKPMPSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C20H28O

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
284.4357

> <EXACT_MASS>
284.214015518

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
49

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
35.69258909408052

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
1

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
6.62

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
4.855751458666667

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-4.83

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-4.061304726121949

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
17.07

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
96.8654

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
4.20e-03 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
retinaldehyde

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$

HMDB0001358
     RDKit          3D
Retinal
 49 49  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.2811    0.9418    1.9748 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3824    1.5605    0.6611 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3738    1.3741   -0.2312 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2561    0.5703    0.2218 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3767   -0.0616    0.5771 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6904   -0.8292    1.0102 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8677   -1.4556    2.3283 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7157   -1.0675    0.1431 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8341   -1.8707    0.6070 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8588   -2.1432   -0.1827 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9938   -2.9292    0.2413 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1667   -3.5394    1.5954 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.0105   -3.1728   -0.5914 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.1495   -3.9702   -0.1442 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.0784   -4.1604   -0.9537 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5840    2.0468   -1.5020 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6808    1.3161   -2.2656 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3543    2.1264   -2.3871 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9767    3.5008   -1.2601 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1973    3.6614   -0.4149 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5595    2.4024    0.3307 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.2207    1.1771    2.5783 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4138    1.3807    2.5095 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1810   -0.1540    1.9177 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6749    0.5907   -1.0956 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0120   -0.2014    1.8420 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8023   -1.1405    2.8231 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0587   -1.1943    3.0426 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7808   -2.5679    2.2045 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6398   -0.6525   -0.8370 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8403   -2.2648    1.6015 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7981   -1.7494   -1.1798 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.2564   -4.6654    1.5371 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.0446   -3.1012    2.1159 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2834   -3.3704    2.2453 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.9245   -2.7592   -1.5732 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.2209   -4.3929    0.8370 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.8459    0.3557   -1.7717 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2687    1.0858   -3.2893 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5914    1.9385   -2.3808 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1960    1.1755   -2.9264 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5000    2.9165   -3.1775 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4466    2.3921   -1.8189 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0743    3.9701   -0.7754 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1393    3.9657   -2.2361 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0956    3.9757   -1.0176 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0075    4.4913    0.2991 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3154    1.7771   -0.1680 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0095    2.7204    1.2927 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  2  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 11 13  2  0
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  2  0
  3 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 16 18  1  0
 16 19  1  0
 19 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 21  2  1  0
  1 22  1  0
  1 23  1  0
  1 24  1  0
  4 25  1  0
  5 26  1  0
  7 27  1  0
  7 28  1  0
  7 29  1  0
  8 30  1  0
  9 31  1  0
 10 32  1  0
 12 33  1  0
 12 34  1  0
 12 35  1  0
 13 36  1  0
 14 37  1  0
 17 38  1  0
 17 39  1  0
 17 40  1  0
 18 41  1  0
 18 42  1  0
 18 43  1  0
 19 44  1  0
 19 45  1  0
 20 46  1  0
 20 47  1  0
 21 48  1  0
 21 49  1  0
M  END

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 19-MAR-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   19-MAR-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0    8665.6958670.797   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0    8667.0298670.028   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0    8668.3628670.797   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0    8669.6968670.028   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0    8671.0298670.797   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0    8672.3658670.028   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0    8673.6968670.797   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0    8675.0328670.028   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0    8676.3718670.797   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0    8677.7028670.028   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0    8673.6968672.337   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0    8668.3628672.337   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   13  C   UNK     0    8664.8888667.040   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   14  C   UNK     0    8665.8788668.756   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   15  C   UNK     0    8663.0318672.337   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   16  C   UNK     0    8663.0288670.798   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   17  C   UNK     0    8661.6948670.028   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   18  C   UNK     0    8661.6948668.487   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   19  C   UNK     0    8663.0288667.718   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   20  C   UNK     0    8664.3628668.487   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   21  C   UNK     0    8664.3628670.028   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2   21                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2    4   12                                                  
CONECT    4    3    5                                                       
CONECT    5    4    6                                                       
CONECT    6    5    7                                                       
CONECT    7    6    8   11                                                  
CONECT    8    7    9                                                       
CONECT    9    8   10                                                       
CONECT   10    9                                                            
CONECT   11    7                                                            
CONECT   12    3                                                            
CONECT   13   20                                                            
CONECT   14   20                                                            
CONECT   15   16                                                            
CONECT   16   17   21   15                                                  
CONECT   17   16   18                                                       
CONECT   18   17   19                                                       
CONECT   19   18   20                                                       
CONECT   20   19   21   13   14                                             
CONECT   21   16   20    1                                                  
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   21    0   42    0
END

COMPND    HMDB0001358
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -3.281   0.942   1.975  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1      -3.382   1.561   0.661  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1      -2.374   1.374  -0.231  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1      -1.256   0.570   0.222  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C5  UNL     1      -0.377  -0.062   0.577  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C6  UNL     1       0.690  -0.829   1.010  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C7  UNL     1       0.868  -1.456   2.328  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  C8  UNL     1       1.716  -1.068   0.143  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  C9  UNL     1       2.834  -1.871   0.607  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  C10 UNL     1       3.859  -2.143  -0.183  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   11  C11 UNL     1       4.994  -2.929   0.241  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   12  C12 UNL     1       5.167  -3.539   1.595  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   13  C13 UNL     1       6.010  -3.173  -0.591  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   14  C14 UNL     1       7.149  -3.970  -0.144  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   15  O1  UNL     1       8.078  -4.160  -0.954  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   16  C15 UNL     1      -2.584   2.047  -1.502  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   17  C16 UNL     1      -3.681   1.316  -2.266  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   18  C17 UNL     1      -1.354   2.126  -2.387  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   19  C18 UNL     1      -2.977   3.501  -1.260  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   20  C19 UNL     1      -4.197   3.661  -0.415  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   21  C20 UNL     1      -4.559   2.402   0.331  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   22  H1  UNL     1      -4.221   1.177   2.578  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   23  H2  UNL     1      -2.414   1.381   2.509  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   24  H3  UNL     1      -3.181  -0.154   1.918  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   25  H4  UNL     1      -0.675   0.591  -1.096  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   26  H5  UNL     1      -1.012  -0.201   1.842  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   27  H6  UNL     1       1.802  -1.140   2.823  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   28  H7  UNL     1       0.059  -1.194   3.043  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   29  H8  UNL     1       0.781  -2.568   2.205  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   30  H9  UNL     1       1.640  -0.653  -0.837  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   31  H10 UNL     1       2.840  -2.265   1.601  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   32  H11 UNL     1       3.798  -1.749  -1.180  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   33  H12 UNL     1       5.256  -4.665   1.537  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   34  H13 UNL     1       6.045  -3.101   2.116  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   35  H14 UNL     1       4.283  -3.370   2.245  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   36  H15 UNL     1       5.924  -2.759  -1.573  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   37  H16 UNL     1       7.221  -4.393   0.837  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   38  H17 UNL     1      -3.846   0.356  -1.772  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   39  H18 UNL     1      -3.269   1.086  -3.289  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   40  H19 UNL     1      -4.591   1.939  -2.381  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   41  H20 UNL     1      -1.196   1.176  -2.926  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   42  H21 UNL     1      -1.500   2.916  -3.178  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   43  H22 UNL     1      -0.447   2.392  -1.819  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   44  H23 UNL     1      -2.074   3.970  -0.775  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   45  H24 UNL     1      -3.139   3.966  -2.236  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   46  H25 UNL     1      -5.096   3.976  -1.018  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   47  H26 UNL     1      -4.007   4.491   0.299  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   48  H27 UNL     1      -5.315   1.777  -0.168  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   49  H28 UNL     1      -5.009   2.720   1.293  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   22   23   24
CONECT    2    3    3   21
CONECT    3    4   16
CONECT    4    5    5   25
CONECT    5    6   26
CONECT    6    7    8    8
CONECT    7   27   28   29
CONECT    8    9   30
CONECT    9   10   10   31
CONECT   10   11   32
CONECT   11   12   13   13
CONECT   12   33   34   35
CONECT   13   14   36
CONECT   14   15   15   37
CONECT   16   17   18   19
CONECT   17   38   39   40
CONECT   18   41   42   43
CONECT   19   20   44   45
CONECT   20   21   46   47
CONECT   21   48   49
END

HMDB0001358
     RDKit          3D
Retinal
 49 49  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.2811    0.9418    1.9748 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3824    1.5605    0.6611 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3738    1.3741   -0.2312 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.2561    0.5703    0.2218 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3767   -0.0616    0.5771 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6904   -0.8292    1.0102 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8677   -1.4556    2.3283 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7157   -1.0675    0.1431 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8341   -1.8707    0.6070 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8588   -2.1432   -0.1827 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9938   -2.9292    0.2413 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1667   -3.5394    1.5954 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.0105   -3.1728   -0.5914 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.1495   -3.9702   -0.1442 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.0784   -4.1604   -0.9537 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5840    2.0468   -1.5020 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6808    1.3161   -2.2656 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3543    2.1264   -2.3871 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9767    3.5008   -1.2601 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1973    3.6614   -0.4149 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5595    2.4024    0.3307 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.2207    1.1771    2.5783 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4138    1.3807    2.5095 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1810   -0.1540    1.9177 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6749    0.5907   -1.0956 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0120   -0.2014    1.8420 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8023   -1.1405    2.8231 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0587   -1.1943    3.0426 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7808   -2.5679    2.2045 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.6398   -0.6525   -0.8370 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8403   -2.2648    1.6015 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7981   -1.7494   -1.1798 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.2564   -4.6654    1.5371 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.0446   -3.1012    2.1159 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2834   -3.3704    2.2453 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.9245   -2.7592   -1.5732 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.2209   -4.3929    0.8370 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.8459    0.3557   -1.7717 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2687    1.0858   -3.2893 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5914    1.9385   -2.3808 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1960    1.1755   -2.9264 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5000    2.9165   -3.1775 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4466    2.3921   -1.8189 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0743    3.9701   -0.7754 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1393    3.9657   -2.2361 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0956    3.9757   -1.0176 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0075    4.4913    0.2991 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3154    1.7771   -0.1680 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0095    2.7204    1.2927 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  2  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  1  0
 11 13  2  0
 13 14  1  0
 14 15  2  0
  3 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 16 18  1  0
 16 19  1  0
 19 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 21  2  1  0
  1 22  1  0
  1 23  1  0
  1 24  1  0
  4 25  1  0
  5 26  1  0
  7 27  1  0
  7 28  1  0
  7 29  1  0
  8 30  1  0
  9 31  1  0
 10 32  1  0
 12 33  1  0
 12 34  1  0
 12 35  1  0
 13 36  1  0
 14 37  1  0
 17 38  1  0
 17 39  1  0
 17 40  1  0
 18 41  1  0
 18 42  1  0
 18 43  1  0
 19 44  1  0
 19 45  1  0
 20 46  1  0
 20 47  1  0
 21 48  1  0
 21 49  1  0
M  END

Synonyms

Value	Source
all-trans-Retinaldehyde	ChEBI
all-trans-Retinene	ChEBI
all-trans-Vitamin a aldehyde	ChEBI
Retinaldehyde	ChEBI
Retinene	ChEBI
Vitamin a aldehyde	ChEBI
all-trans-Retinal	Kegg
Aldehyde, vitamin a	HMDB
Axerophthal	HMDB
11 cis Retinal	HMDB
11-cis-Retinal	HMDB
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenal	HMDB
all-e-Retinal	HMDB
all-epsilon-Retinal	HMDB
alpha-Retinene	HMDB
e-Retinal	HMDB
epsilon-Retinal	HMDB
Retinene 1	HMDB
trans-Retinal	HMDB
trans-Vitamin a aldehyde	HMDB
Vitamin a1 aldehyde	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₂₀H₂₈O

Average Mass

284.4357

Monoisotopic Mass

284.214015518

IUPAC Name

(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal

Traditional Name

retinaldehyde

CAS Registry Number

116-31-4

SMILES

C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C/C=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C20H28O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,15H,7,10,14H2,1-5H3/b9-6+,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+

InChI Key

NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-OVSJKPMPSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as retinoids. These are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Lipids and lipid-like molecules

Class

Prenol lipids

Sub Class

Retinoids

Direct Parent

Retinoids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Retinoid skeleton
Diterpenoid
Enal
Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Aldehyde
Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

retinal (CHEBI:17898 )
Retinoids (C00376 )
Retinoids (LMPR01090002 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.0042 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	6.62	ALOGPS
logP	4.86	ChemAxon
logS	-4.8	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-4.1	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	17.07 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	96.87 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	35.69 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-014i-2290000000-df9d2aa7545cc60a54f9	2017-09-01	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-014i-9700000000-c2e22000dfae0765c367	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-03g0-0950000000-bccf87de037f98873f41	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-01t9-1910000000-5fe7643c395769c68286	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-014i-9700000000-fca532f917595376d653	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-000i-0490000000-f543f08fbaf94a2e3f8e	2015-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-3940000000-74f087cc812b3715e7ac	2015-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0fri-9830000000-72a5d01c6181340ad986	2015-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-001i-0090000000-bad35938b77f181c29b9	2015-09-15	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-001i-0090000000-1aadad0770df07f98436	2015-09-15	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00ko-4690000000-f624d342f88456375b9c	2015-09-15	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-00n3-1960000000-43f8c66f164764c37361	2021-09-23	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0609-3920000000-dbeab0a82b306761cf6a	2021-09-23	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-052f-7900000000-d2bb7c1aeeb87d8833d2	2021-09-23	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0a59-0090000000-2ec2f8f314943441fa15	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0pb9-0190000000-312cebb17ccd0189ab4d	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-000i-1590000000-b2551eac481c0c930a4d	2021-09-25	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CDCl₃, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl₃, experimental)		2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biospecimen Locations

Adrenal Cortex
Blood
Epidermis
Feces
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Lung
Neuron
Pancreas
Placenta
Platelet
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Testis
Urine

Tissue Locations

Adrenal Cortex
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Lung
Neuron
Pancreas
Placenta
Platelet
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Testis

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191870	Retinal dehydrogenase 1	Unknown	P00352	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191876	Retinal dehydrogenase 2	Unknown	O94788	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192152	11-cis retinol dehydrogenase	Unknown	Q92781	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192165	Alcohol dehydrogenase 4	Unknown	P08319	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192400	Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3	Unknown	P11766	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192402	Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B	Unknown	P00325	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192403	Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain	Unknown	P40394	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192404	Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A	Unknown	P07327	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192405	Alcohol dehydrogenase 6	Unknown	P28332	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192406	Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C	Unknown	P00326	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193123	Beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase	Unknown	Q9HAY6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193705	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 6	Unknown	O14756	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194003	Retinol dehydrogenase 8	Enzyme	Q9NYR8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194004	Retinol dehydrogenase 11	Enzyme	Q8TC12	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194028	Retinol dehydrogenase 10	Enzyme	Q8IZV5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195653	Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Enzyme	O75911	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196363	RPE-retinal G protein-coupled receptor	Unknown	P47804	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196941	Epidermal retinol dehydrogenase 2	Unknown	Q8N3Y7

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0000377	beta-Carotene	Retinal	Not Available	VMH; KEGG	10799297 11401432 1503811
MMDBr0002049	Retinal	all-trans-Retinoic acid	Not Available	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0002050	Retinal	all-trans-Retinoic acid	Not Available	VMH	1503811
MMDBr0002054	Retinal	Retinal	Not Available	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0002055	Retinal	Retinal	Not Available	VMH	1503811
MMDBr0002062	Vitamin A	Retinal	Not Available	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0002063	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0002064	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 5 (11-cis/9-cis)	VMH	12226107 1503811 7836368 9115228
MMDBr0002065	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 11 (all-trans/9-cis/11-cis)	VMH	12226107 12372410 12435598 1503811 15258582 15322982
MMDBr0002066	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 5 (11-cis/9-cis)	VMH	12226107 1503811 7836368
MMDBr0002067	Vitamin A	Retinal	retinol dehydrogenase 11 (all-trans/9-cis/11-cis)	VMH	12226107 12372410 1503811 15258582 15322982
MMDBr0004116	Retinal	4-Oh-9-Cis-Retinal	Not Available	VMH	9647871
MMDBr0004117	Retinal	4-Oh-9-Cis-Retinal	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 2	VMH	9647871
MMDBr0004118	Retinal	4-Oh-Retinal	Not Available	VMH	9647871
MMDBr0004119	Retinal	4-Oh-Retinal	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 2	VMH	9647871
MMDBr0004335	Retinal	Retinal	Not Available	VMH	9647871
MMDBr0004336	Retinal	13-cis-Retinal	Not Available	VMH	9647871
MMDBr0010391	Vitamin A	Retinal	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0010392	Vitamin A	Retinal	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0010394	Retinal	all-trans-Retinoic acid	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0010395	Retinal	4-Oh-Retinal	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 2	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0010396	Retinal	4-Oh-9-Cis-Retinal	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 2	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0010840	13-cis-Retinal	Retinal	Not Available	VMH	30371894

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	119	Human ; Human feces; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human stool; Human sputum; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab	Unknown; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	210	Human feces; Pig ; Human ; Cattle ; Human stool; Human subgingival plaque	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	78	Human feces; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	28	Human feces; Human ; Human stool	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Spirochaetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Fusobacteria	3	Human feces; Human	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Synergistetes	2	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Planctomycetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	nah	2
Archaea/Archaea	Euryarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Species	Data Source	Reference
Animal	Haliotis	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Strombidae	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Clupea harengus harengus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Undaria pinnatifida	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Peprilus triacanthus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Rhodophyta	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Myoxocephalus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Eucheuma	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Saccharina japonica	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Spirulina	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Lota lota	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Porphyra umbilicalis	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Chondrus crispus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Laminaria	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lactuca sativa l. var. longifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Grataegosorbus mitschurinii	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Diospyros virginiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Origanum x majoricum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus x loganobaccus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tragopogon porrifolius	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Taraxacum officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rumex	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium ascalonicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Curcuma longa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus chamaemorus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ananas comosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Elettaria cardamomum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Persea americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Amelanchier alnifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eugenia uniflora	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Annona reticulata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cichorium intybus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sesbania bispinosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chenopodium quinoa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes x nidigrolaria	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Garcinia mangostana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucumis melo	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Corchorus olitorius	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Dioscorea pentaphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lathyrus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium tuberosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cinnamomum verum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Glycine max	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Petasites japonicus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Gaylussacia baccata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus tomentosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ocimum basilicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha x piperita	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Maranta arundinacea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Matteuccia struthiopteris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita moschata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Macadamia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tilia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus limon	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium myrtilloides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum annuum var. annuum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Apium graveolens var. rapaceum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Papaver	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sesamum orientale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Nelumbo	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. conica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Annona cherimola	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa var. pekinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lippia graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capparis spinosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus sinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lens culinaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium deliciosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phaseolus lunatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Artocarpus heterophyllus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus virginiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Linum usitatissimum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Musa acuminata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrullus lanatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Macadamia tetraphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus domestica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus armeniaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phyllostachys edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carum carvi	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lagenaria siceraria	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium schoenoprasum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carissa macrocarpa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus reticulata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Satureja hortensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Averrhoa carambola	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa var. rapa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sorbus aucuparia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Anethum graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Nelumbo nucifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Coriandrum sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Bertholletia excelsa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cymbopogon citratus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. costata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Panax	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ceratonia siliqua	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Luffa aegyptiaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Anacardium occidentale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carthamus tinctorius	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus occidentalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna umbellata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cicer arietinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium fistulosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium alaskaense	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lupinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tilia cordata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Camellia sinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus persica var. nucipersica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Durio zibethinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eriobotrya japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica napus var. pabularia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Oenothera biennis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Diospyros kaki	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phaseolus vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes glandulosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Theobroma cacao	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Virola surinamensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Daucus carota ssp. sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Verbena officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium oxycoccos	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rumex acetosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Syzygium aromaticum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. capitata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pyrus pyrifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium myrtillus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium parvifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Aloysia triphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vicia faba	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum chinense	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Theobroma grandiflorum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium reticulatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum quitoense	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ginkgo biloba	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Flammulina velutipes	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Satureja montana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis vinifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus avium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Perideridia oregana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium arboreum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pouteria sapota	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Wasabia japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum annuum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Piper nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Origanum onites	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Origanum vulgare	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Viburnum edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Dioscorea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. italica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Momordica charantia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium uliginosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Castanea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus ursinus x idaeus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum melongena	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pleurotus ostreatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cirsium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Opuntia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Raphanus sativus var. sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Colocasia esculenta	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus persica var. persica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Anthriscus cerefolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Nuphar lutea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lupinus albus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Myristica fragrans	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pachyrhizus erosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cichorium endivia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Apium graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Elaeis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cinnamomum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes uva-crispa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Feijoa sellowiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Dysphania ambrosioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Raphanus sativus var. niger	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Photinia melanocarpa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Salvia officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rheum rhabarbarum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lablab purpureus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Crocus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus maxima	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Syzygium jambos	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Annona muricata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Salix pulchra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Castanea sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cydonia oblonga	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Fagus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Opuntia cochenillifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium ovatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cocos nucifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phaseolus coccineus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tamarindus indica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Thymus pulegioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mespilus germanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa var. perviridis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha aquatica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Salvia elegans	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sagittaria latifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Psidium guajava	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum tuberosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Olea europaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sambucus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Syzygium cumini	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tilia tomentosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Daucus carota	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Typha angustifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Empetrum nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Valerianella locusta	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Myrica rubra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium angustifolium x vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sisymbrium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vanilla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l. f. alba dc.	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carya	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Borago officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Raphanus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus dulcis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna radiata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Manihot esculenta	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Hyssopus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Scorzonera hispanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Angelica keiskei	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ipomoea aquatica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Musa x paradisiaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cuminum cyminum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus spectabilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus idaeus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Arachis hypogaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cantharellus cibarius	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sinapis alba	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Fragaria x ananassa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pyrus communis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica ruvo	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Apium graveolens var. secalinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Morus nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum lycopersicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Abelmoschus esculentus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Moringa oleifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pinus edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Passiflora edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Opuntia macrorhiza	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna angularis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha spicata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Helianthus annuus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Manilkara zapota	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Corylus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Malus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pisum sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sambucus nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium cepa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Petroselinum crispum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Zingiber officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mangifera indica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chamaemelum nobile	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Illicium verum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Laurus nobilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Auricularia auricula-judae	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Attalea speciosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans ailanthifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Melissa officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Hippophae rhamnoides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Polygonum alpinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica juncea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Spinacia oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pediomelum esculentum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Auricularia polytricha	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Camellia oleifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carica papaya	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chrysanthemum coronarium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eleocharis dulcis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Thymus vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Actinidia chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pimenta dioica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Medicago sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna mungo	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rubus arcticus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Agaricus bisporus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cajanus cajan	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rumex articus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Origanum majorana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Armoracia rusticana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus persica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Hibiscus sabdariffa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Benincasa hispida	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Canarium ovatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes aureum var. villosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Foeniculum vulgare	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phoenix dactylifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium macrocarpon	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Arctium lappa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans cinerea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Prunus cerasus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Artocarpus altilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Rosmarinus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus x paradisi	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna unguiculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cynara scolymus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cyathea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Metroxylon sagu	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis rotundifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brosimum alicastrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ficus carica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lentinus edodes	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Psidium cattleianum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Beta vulgaris var. rubra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Castanea mollissima	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lepidium sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Morus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Helianthus tuberosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Phytolacca americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Grifola frondosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis labrusca	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Tetragonia tetragonioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Artemisia vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucumis metuliferus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Nephelium lappaceum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Myrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Corylus avellana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Castanea crenata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Litchi chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Juglans regia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Quercus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Trigonella foenum-graecum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium angustifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Malpighia emarginata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Physalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. sabauda	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Thelesperma	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica napus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Asparagus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chamerion angustifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Levisticum officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pimpinella anisum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium elliottii	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Artemisia dracunculus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Matricaria recutita	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus aurantiifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ziziphus zizyphus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Lactuca sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Dimocarpus longan	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eragrostis tef	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Salvia hispanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pangium edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pistacia vera	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cynara cardunculus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Malus pumila	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitellaria paradoxa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea var. viridis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Punica granatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Agave	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Hedysarum alpinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Diospyros	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vigna aconitifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Amaranthus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Gossypium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Beta vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mammea americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Annona squamosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica alboglabra	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Apium graveolens var. dulce	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucumis sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Xanthosoma sagittifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Basella alba	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Citrus latifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Carya illinoinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Byrsonima crassifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ribes rubrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Capsicum pubescens	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cinnamomum aromaticum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Crateva religiosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		FooDB	31437929
Plant	Portulaca oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vitis aestivalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica rapa var. chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Eugenia javanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Ipomoea batatas	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Mentha arvensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Pastinaca sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Chenopodium album	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Cucurbita maxima	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Vaccinium stamineum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Allium ampeloprasum	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Brassica oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Sechium edule	FooDB	31437929

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified							HMDB
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.155	0.232	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Adrenal cortex	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Epidermis	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Fibroblasts	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Intestine	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Kidney	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Lung	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Neuron	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Pancreas	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Platelet	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Skeletal muscle	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Spleen	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Testis	Detected but not Quantified				Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified				Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified				Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0001358

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB022576

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

Not Available

KEGG Compound ID

C00376

BioCyc ID

RETINAL

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Retinal

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

638015

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

17898

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Bradbury MW, Lightman SL: The blood-brain interface. Eye (Lond). 1990;4 ( Pt 2):249-54. doi: 10.1038/eye.1990.36. [PubMed:2199234 ]
Aarli JA, Mork SJ, Myrseth E, Larsen JL: Glioblastoma associated with multiple sclerosis: coincidence or induction? Eur Neurol. 1989;29(6):312-6. doi: 10.1159/000116437. [PubMed:2691257 ]
Chang M, Herbert WN: Retinal arteriolar occlusions following amniotic fluid embolism. Ophthalmology. 1984 Dec;91(12):1634-7. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34092-1. [PubMed:6521996 ]
Fukushima A, Ueno H, Fujimoto S: Antigenic cross-reactivity between human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and retinal antigens recognized by T cells. Clin Exp Immunol. 1994 Mar;95(3):459-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1994.tb07019.x. [PubMed:8137541 ]
Ramirez JM, Ramirez AI, Salazar JJ, de Hoz R, Trivino A: Changes of astrocytes in retinal ageing and age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res. 2001 Nov;73(5):601-15. doi: 10.1006/exer.2001.1061. [PubMed:11747361 ]
Nguyen QD, Van Do D, Feke GT, Demirjian ZN, Lashkari K: Heparin-induced antiheparin-platelet antibody associated with retinal venous thrombosis. Ophthalmology. 2003 Mar;110(3):600-3. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01766-9. [PubMed:12623829 ]
Yamashiro K, Tsujikawa A, Ishida S, Usui T, Kaji Y, Honda Y, Ogura Y, Adamis AP: Platelets accumulate in the diabetic retinal vasculature following endothelial death and suppress blood-retinal barrier breakdown. Am J Pathol. 2003 Jul;163(1):253-9. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63648-6. [PubMed:12819029 ]
Bringmann A, Reichenbach A, Wiedemann P: Pathomechanisms of cystoid macular edema. Ophthalmic Res. 2004 Sep-Oct;36(5):241-9. doi: 10.1159/000081203. [PubMed:15583429 ]
Jankowska R, Witkowska D, Porebska I, Kuropatwa M, Kurowska E, Gorczyca WA: Serum antibodies to retinal antigens in lung cancer and sarcoidosis. Pathobiology. 2004;71(6):323-8. doi: 10.1159/000081728. [PubMed:15627843 ]
Weiland JD, Liu W, Humayun MS: Retinal prosthesis. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2005;7:361-401. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.7.060804.100435. [PubMed:16004575 ]
Wu WC, Lai CC, Liu JH, Singh T, Li LM, Peumans WJ, Van Damme EJ, Wu AM: Differential binding to glycotopes among the layers of three mammalian retinal neurons by man-containing N-linked glycan, T(alpha) (Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-), Tn (GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr) and I (beta)/II (beta) (Galbeta1-3/4GlcNAcbeta-) reactive lectins. Neurochem Res. 2006 May;31(5):619-28. doi: 10.1007/s11064-006-9060-8. Epub 2006 May 23. [PubMed:16770733 ]

Showing metabocard for Retinal (MMDBc0030446)

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