MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid (MMDBc0047980)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2021-12-11 00:18:45 UTC

Update Date

2022-09-01 02:13:48 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0047980

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid

Description

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is a phenolic acid. DOPAC is a neuronal metabolite of dopamine (DA). DA undergoes monoamine oxidase-catalyzed oxidative deamination to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), which is metabolized primarily into DOPAC via aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). The biotransformation of DOPAL is critical as previous studies have demonstrated this DA-derived aldehyde to be a reactive electrophile and toxic to dopaminergic cells. Known inhibitors of mitochondrial ALDH2, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) inhibit ALDH2-mediated oxidation of the endogenous neurotoxin DOPAL. 4HNE is one of the resulting products of oxidative stress, thus linking oxidative stress to the uncontrolled production of an endogenous neurotoxin relevant to Parkinson's disease. In early-onset Parkinson disease, there is markedly reduced activities of both monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B. The amount of DOPAC, which is produced during dopamine oxidation by MAO, is greatly reduced as a result of increased parkin overexpression. Administration of methamphetamine to animals causes loss of DA terminals in the brain and significant decreases in dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum. Renal dopamine produced in the residual tubular units may be enhanced during a sodium challenge, thus behaving appropriately as a compensatory natriuretic hormone; however, the renal dopaminergic system in patients afflicted with renal parenchymal disorders should address parameters other than free urinary dopamine, namely the urinary excretion of L-DOPA and metabolites. DOPAC is one of the major phenolic acids formed during human microbial fermentation of tea, citrus, and soy flavonoid supplements. DOPAC exhibits a considerable antiproliferative effect in LNCaP prostate cancer and HCT116 colon cancer cells. The antiproliferative activity of DOPAC may be due to its catechol structure. A similar association of the catechol moiety in the B-ring with antiproliferative activity was demonstrated for flavanones (PMID:16956664 , 16455660 , 8561959 , 11369822 , 10443478 , 16365058 ). DOPAC can be found in Gram-positive bacteria (PMID:24752840 ).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 26-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    MOLECULE: DHY                                               
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   26-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       0.823  -0.099   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       0.823  -1.639   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      -0.511  -2.409   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      -1.845  -1.639   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      -1.845  -0.099   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      -0.511   0.671   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       2.156   0.671   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0       2.156   2.211   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0       3.490   2.981   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0       0.823   2.981   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0      -0.511  -3.949   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   12  O   UNK     0      -3.178  -2.409   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    6    7                                                  
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2    4   11                                                  
CONECT    4    3    5   12                                                  
CONECT    5    4    6                                                       
CONECT    6    1    5                                                       
CONECT    7    1    8                                                       
CONECT    8    7    9   10                                                  
CONECT    9    8                                                            
CONECT   10    8                                                            
CONECT   11    3                                                            
CONECT   12    4                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   12    0   24    0
END

Synonyms

Value	Source
2-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)acetIC ACID	ChEBI
3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid	ChEBI
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	ChEBI
Dopacetic acid	ChEBI
Homoprotocatechuate	Kegg
2-(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)acetate	Generator
3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl acetate	Generator
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate	Generator
Dopacetate	Generator
3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetate	Generator
3,4 Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	HMDB
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, monosodium salt	HMDB
(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-acetic acid	HMDB
(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acetate	HMDB
(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid	HMDB
3,4-DHPOP	HMDB
3,4-Dihydroxy-benzeneacetic acid	HMDB
3,4-Dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid	HMDB
DHY	HMDB
Dihydroxyphenylacetate	HMDB
Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	HMDB
HAA	HMDB
Homogentisic acid	HMDB
3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₈H₈O₄

Average Mass

168.1467

Monoisotopic Mass

168.042258744

IUPAC Name

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid

Traditional Name

3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

CAS Registry Number

Not Available

SMILES

OC(=O)CC1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c9-6-2-1-5(3-7(6)10)4-8(11)12/h1-3,9-10H,4H2,(H,11,12)

InChI Key

CFFZDZCDUFSOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety.

Kingdom

Super Class

Class

Sub Class

Direct Parent

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Catechol
1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

catechols (CHEBI:41941 )
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (CHEBI:41941 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	7.23 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	0.93	ALOGPS
logP	1	ChemAxon
logS	-1.4	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.61	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-6.3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	77.76 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	41.33 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	15.71 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-004i-0942000000-54f714e694a7c3daeaf4	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-0931000000-c4bb79d921fb42cf1b40	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)	splash10-00di-9310000000-9490bd0ec921894341f4	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)	splash10-004i-0952000000-d45a1420d6ae61cb9169	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-0942000000-54f714e694a7c3daeaf4	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-0931000000-c4bb79d921fb42cf1b40	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00di-9310000000-9490bd0ec921894341f4	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-0952000000-d45a1420d6ae61cb9169	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-0931000000-3fab9c521f7f85372b94	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-3900000000-9badffe195f5e0ba98e0	2017-07-27	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-014i-4093000000-178e6eeb94df071e6c15	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , negative	splash10-014i-0900000000-709dd9faccdbbb3dc088	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4l-9100000000-cf69597350b36ab34199	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-9200000000-298c198dac69afd9b0a3	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negative	splash10-014i-0900000000-ace1596cdfcf99646e9f	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negative	splash10-00di-0900000000-e7f718ad00bdba667583	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negative	splash10-00di-1900000000-d8334a99b44e227f0c59	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-01b9-1900000000-72071b19a4bfa3da409d	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00di-0900000000-3e7377f36ca2547f4885	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00di-2900000000-60e1fc55d54131c2923e	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0fi0-9400000000-c63542b296bac95866e2	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-01b9-0900000000-a59d2cab0d3d859760a7	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-00xs-1900000000-6f630370c11294562cb7	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4l-9800000000-a45be46f3b52664dd4d1	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-01b9-0900000000-a59d2cab0d3d859760a7	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-00xs-1900000000-6f630370c11294562cb7	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4l-9800000000-a45be46f3b52664dd4d1	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-00di-0900000000-aec26fe78ab78ddd4021	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-00dj-2900000000-e59402b8b36f408fbe1c	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00r6-9400000000-f36bad25ade880ae2e1f	2021-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0900000000-579796710abc38249c3a	2015-05-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0fk9-0900000000-22f8a4f4efd0f10804b5	2015-05-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0zmi-9700000000-42b3de6bccbc10ad7b48	2015-05-26	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0900000000-579796710abc38249c3a	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0fk9-0900000000-22f8a4f4efd0f10804b5	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0zmi-9700000000-42b3de6bccbc10ad7b48	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Neuron
Urine

Tissue Locations

Brain
Neuron

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191942	Catechol O-methyltransferase	Unknown	P21964	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191962	Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring	Unknown	P30838	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191964	Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3	Unknown	P47895	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192140	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1	Enzyme	P22309	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192188	Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2	Unknown	P48448	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192189	Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1	Unknown	P43353	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0197061	Sulfotransferase 1A3	Enzyme	P0DMM9	Homo sapiens

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0000049	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	S-Adenosylhomocysteine	Catechol-o-methyltransferase	3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate:Amet O-Methyltransferase	VMH	1847521
MMDBr0000051	3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member a3	3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde:NAD+ Oxidoreductase	VMH	11306106 2071588
MMDBr0000052	3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member a1	3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde:NADP+ Oxidoreductase	VMH	11306106 2071588
MMDBr0007680	3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	Not Available	3-Hydroxyphenylacetate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0007682	p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	Not Available	4-hydroxyphenylacetate,nadh[c]:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0007750	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	5-Carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde	Not Available	3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0008049	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	Not Available	(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate transport in via proton symport reversible	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0008233	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	4-Methylcatechol	Not Available	4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase (yielding 4-methylcatechol)	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0008900	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	Solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 6	(3, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Acetate (Dopac) Transport, Cytosol	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0012769	4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	Not Available		PubMed	19961416
MMDBr0012784	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid	Not Available	Alpha-oxidation	Biotransformer
MMDBr0013448	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconic acid semialdehyde	3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase	Oxygenation	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0014999	p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase oxygenase component	Hydroxylation; Oxygenation	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0016730	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylacetic acid	3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase	Hydroxylation	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0016731	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylacetic acid	3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase	Hydroxylation	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0017025	p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	p-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase, oxygenase component	Hydroxylation	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0017243	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	4-Methylcatechol	4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase glycyl radical subunit	Decarboxylation	RHEA	34755880
MMDBr0017244	3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	4-Methylcatechol	4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase glycyl radical subunit	Decarboxylation	RHEA	34755880

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Alzheimer's disease		Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	10494443
Encephalitis		Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	17134724
Hypothyroidism	Decreased	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	9849813
Alzheimer's disease		Association	Human	PubMed	27585440

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	92	Human feces; Human sputum; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human ; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human stool; Human subgingival plaque	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	84	Human feces; Human ; Goat feces; Sheep feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	10	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Deinococcus-thermus	1
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	1	Human feces

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Source Sub-type	Species	Data Source	Reference
Animal		Chondrus crispus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Laminaria	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Haliotis	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Strombidae	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Clupea harengus harengus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Undaria pinnatifida	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Peprilus triacanthus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Rhodophyta	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Myoxocephalus	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Eucheuma	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Saccharina japonica	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Spirulina	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Lota lota	FooDB	31437929
Animal		Porphyra umbilicalis	FooDB	31437929
Food	Beer	Barley	FooDB	31437929
Food			FooDB	31437929
Food			FooDB	31437929
Food			FooDB	31437929
Food			FooDB	31437929
Food			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Salvia elegans	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Daucus carota	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Plant	Rubus idaeus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sagittaria latifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sambucus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Syzygium cumini	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium vitis-idaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tilia tomentosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Empetrum nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Typha angustifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l. f. alba dc.	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Valerianella locusta	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Myrica rubra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium angustifolium x vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus dulcis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Oil	Olea europaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna radiata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Raphanus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sisymbrium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vanilla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Borago officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Hyssopus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carya	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Manihot esculenta	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Scorzonera hispanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Angelica keiskei	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Musa x paradisiaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ipomoea aquatica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cuminum cyminum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Arachis hypogaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus spectabilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pyrus communis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Fragaria x ananassa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sinapis alba	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha spicata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cantharellus cibarius	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Apium graveolens var. secalinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Zingiber officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica ruvo	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Moringa oleifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Abelmoschus esculentus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Morus nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Olea europaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Helianthus annuus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna angularis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pisum sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pinus edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Passiflora edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Opuntia macrorhiza	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Petroselinum crispum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sambucus nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Manilkara zapota	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Laurus nobilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Corylus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Malus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mangifera indica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium cepa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Illicium verum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chamaemelum nobile	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Melissa officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Auricularia auricula-judae	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Attalea speciosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Hippophae rhamnoides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Spinacia oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans ailanthifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Thymus vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carica papaya	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Polygonum alpinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Actinidia chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica juncea	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pimenta dioica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pediomelum esculentum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Auricularia polytricha	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Camellia oleifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chrysanthemum coronarium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eleocharis dulcis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Medicago sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna mungo	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Hibiscus sabdariffa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus arcticus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Foeniculum vulgare	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Origanum majorana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Agaricus bisporus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Armoracia rusticana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus persica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cajanus cajan	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phoenix dactylifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rumex articus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium macrocarpon	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Benincasa hispida	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Canarium ovatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes aureum var. villosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rosmarinus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus cerasus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Arctium lappa	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans cinerea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus x paradisi	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ficus carica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Artocarpus altilis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Beta vulgaris var. rubra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cynara scolymus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Psidium cattleianum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna unguiculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lentinus edodes	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cyathea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Metroxylon sagu	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis rotundifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brosimum alicastrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lepidium sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Castanea mollissima	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Morus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Helianthus tuberosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Grifola frondosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phytolacca americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis labrusca	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans regia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Artemisia vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Corylus avellana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tetragonia tetragonioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucumis metuliferus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Nephelium lappaceum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Myrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Castanea crenata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Litchi chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium angustifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Quercus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Trigonella foenum-graecum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. sabauda	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Levisticum officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica napus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Physalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Malpighia emarginata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Malus pumila	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus aurantiifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Artemisia dracunculus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Thelesperma	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Asparagus officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lactuca sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pimpinella anisum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chamerion angustifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eragrostis tef	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Matricaria recutita	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium elliottii	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Punica granatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ziziphus zizyphus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pistacia vera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Dimocarpus longan	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Salvia hispanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitellaria paradoxa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pangium edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cynara cardunculus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Gossypium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. viridis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Agave	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucumis sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Diospyros	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Hedysarum alpinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna aconitifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Amaranthus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Apium graveolens var. dulce	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Beta vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mammea americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Annona squamosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica alboglabra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carya illinoinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Xanthosoma sagittifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Basella alba	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus latifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cinnamomum aromaticum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes rubrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Byrsonima crassifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha arvensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa var. chinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Portulaca oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum pubescens	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pastinaca sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Crateva religiosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ipomoea batatas	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis aestivalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita maxima	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eugenia javanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chenopodium album	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium stamineum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium ampeloprasum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sechium edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lactuca sativa l. var. longifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Grataegosorbus mitschurinii	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Diospyros virginiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ananas comosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Origanum x majoricum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus x loganobaccus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Taraxacum officinale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus chamaemorus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tragopogon porrifolius	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Elettaria cardamomum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Curcuma longa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Persea americana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rumex	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium ascalonicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eugenia uniflora	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Chenopodium quinoa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Amelanchier alnifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cinnamomum verum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Glycine max	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Annona reticulata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cichorium intybus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucumis melo	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sesbania bispinosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Juglans nigra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ocimum basilicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes x nidigrolaria	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Leaves	Vaccinium myrtillus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Garcinia mangostana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium tuberosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Corchorus olitorius	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Dioscorea pentaphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha x piperita	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lathyrus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Petasites japonicus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus limon	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Gaylussacia baccata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus tomentosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tilia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Maranta arundinacea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum annuum var. annuum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Macadamia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Matteuccia struthiopteris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita moschata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sesamum orientale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus sinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Apium graveolens var. rapaceum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Papaver	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium myrtilloides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. conica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Nelumbo	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Annona cherimola	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa var. pekinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lippia graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capparis spinosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrullus lanatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lens culinaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium deliciosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus armeniaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phaseolus lunatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Linum usitatissimum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Musa acuminata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Artocarpus heterophyllus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus reticulata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus virginiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus domestica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Anethum graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carum carvi	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Macadamia tetraphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Fruit	Olea europaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium schoenoprasum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phyllostachys edulis	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Fruit	Olea europaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Camellia sinensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lagenaria siceraria	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa var. rapa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Averrhoa carambola	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Satureja hortensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carissa macrocarpa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Coriandrum sativum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sorbus aucuparia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Bertholletia excelsa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Nelumbo nucifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cymbopogon citratus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. costata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ceratonia siliqua	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Panax	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Anacardium occidentale	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Sunflower	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Carthamus tinctorius	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus occidentalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Luffa aegyptiaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cicer arietinum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna umbellata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Allium fistulosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium alaskaense	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Eriobotrya japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lupinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phaseolus vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Tilia cordata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus persica var. nucipersica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Daucus carota ssp. sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Durio zibethinus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Oenothera biennis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Theobroma cacao	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Syzygium aromaticum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica napus var. pabularia	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Fruit	Olea europaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Fruit	Olea europaea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Diospyros kaki	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes glandulosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium oxycoccos	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Virola surinamensis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Verbena officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rumex acetosa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. capitata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vicia faba	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium parvifolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vitis vinifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pyrus pyrifolia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Aloysia triphylla	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum annuum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ginkgo biloba	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Capsicum chinense	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Theobroma grandiflorum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium reticulatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum quitoense	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Satureja montana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Flammulina velutipes	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus avium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant			FooDB	31437929
Plant	Seed	Tamarindus indica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Piper nigrum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Perideridia oregana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Origanum onites	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Origanum vulgare	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium arboreum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pouteria sapota	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Wasabia japonica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. italica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Viburnum edule	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Dioscorea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Momordica charantia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium uliginosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum melongena	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Myristica fragrans	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Apium graveolens	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Castanea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rubus ursinus x idaeus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cirsium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Raphanus sativus var. sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Prunus persica var. persica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pleurotus ostreatus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Opuntia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lupinus albus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Anthriscus cerefolium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Colocasia esculenta	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Nuphar lutea	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Pachyrhizus erosus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cichorium endivia	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Ribes uva-crispa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cinnamomum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Elaeis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Salvia officinalis	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Raphanus sativus var. niger	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Crocus sativus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Photinia melanocarpa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Feijoa sellowiana	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Dysphania ambrosioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Rheum rhabarbarum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Citrus maxima	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Lablab purpureus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cydonia oblonga	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Castanea sativa	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Syzygium jambos	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Annona muricata	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Salix pulchra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Fagus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Vaccinium ovatum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Solanum tuberosum	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Opuntia cochenillifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cocos nucifera	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Psidium guajava	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Phaseolus coccineus	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Thymus pulegioides	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mentha aquatica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Mespilus germanica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Brassica rapa var. perviridis	FooDB	31437929

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.019	0.009			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6877032
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0001	0.00002			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	8884658
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0001		0.00007	0.00013	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Hypothyroidism	HMDB	9849813
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0001	0.00003			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Hypothyroidism	HMDB	9849813
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.48	0.4			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	9931050
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.002 +/- 0.001		0.001	0.003	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	10494443
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0023		0.00051	0.0042	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	10494443
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	12663291
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	12663291
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.34	1.49			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12663291
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	12771321
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	12771321
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	17015248
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	17015248
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.01	0.003			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Encephalitis	HMDB	17134724
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18085514
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	22.124	5.174			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	19671472
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	19671472
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.003	0.001			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.014	0.012			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.015	0.005			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.008	0.004			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.003	0.001			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.003	0.001			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.016	0.006			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.01	0.005			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.044	0.006			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	20222713
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						NULL	NULL	Consuming polyphenols described by Phenol-Explorer entry 572	HMDB	20222713
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	20809621
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	20809621
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	13.56				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24010549
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	28.368	21.113			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24010549
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	39.549	48.529			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24010549
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	40.857	59.71			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24010549
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.9		0.6	1.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Both	Normal	HMDB	25486321
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.034	3.31	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	26814424
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.337				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27273479
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.003	0.0015	0.0013	0.0045	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.05		0.02	0.11	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.16	0.5			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0023		0.00051	0.0042	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	10494443
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.01	0.003			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Encephalitis	HMDB	17134724
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0001		0.000070	0.00013	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Hypothyroidism	HMDB	9849813
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0001	0.00003			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Hypothyroidism	HMDB	9849813
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.337				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27273479
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	13.56				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24010549
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0001	0.00002			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	8884658
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.002 +/- 0.001		0.001	0.003	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	10494443
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.003	0.001			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.003	0.001			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.003	0.001			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.008	0.004			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.01	0.005			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.014	0.012			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.015	0.005			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.016	0.006			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.019	0.009			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6877032
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.0340	3.310	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	26814424
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.044	0.006			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19812218
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.48	0.4			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	9931050
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.9		0.6	1.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	22.124	5.174			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	28.368	21.113			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24010549
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	39.549	48.529			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24010549
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.34	1.49			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12663291
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	40.857	59.710			nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24010549
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.003 +/- 0.0015		0.0013	0.0045	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.05		0.02	0.11	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.16	0.50			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Brain	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Neuron	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18085514
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	20809621
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	20809621
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Both	Normal	HMDB	25486321
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0001336

DrugBank ID

DB01702

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

41941

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

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Showing metabocard for 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid (MMDBc0047980)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5abe62dae8>