MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Galactitol (MMDBc0000027)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:27:42 UTC

Update Date

2024-04-30 19:30:53 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000027

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Galactitol

Description

Galactitol or dulcitol is a sugar alcohol that is a metabolic breakdown product of galactose. Galactose is derived from lactose in food (such as dairy products). When lactose is broken down by the enzyme lactase it produces glucose and galactose. Galactitol has a slightly sweet taste. It is produced from galactose in a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase. When present in sufficiently high levels, galactitol can act as a metabotoxin, a neurotoxin, and a hepatotoxin. A neurotoxin is a compound that disrupts or attacks neural cells and neural tissue. A hepatotoxin as a compound that disrupts or attacks liver tissue or liver cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of galactitol are associated with at least two inborn errors of metabolism, including galactosemia and galactosemia type II. Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that affects an individual's ability to metabolize the sugar galactose properly. Excess lactose consumption in individuals with galactose intolerance or galactosemia activates aldose reductase to produce galactitol, thus depleting NADPH and leading to lowered glutathione reductase activity. As a result, hydrogen peroxide or other free radicals accumulate causing serious oxidative damage to various cells and tissues. In individuals with galactosemia, the enzymes needed for the further metabolism of galactose (galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase) are severely diminished or missing entirely, leading to toxic levels of galactose 1-phosphate, galactitol, and galactonate. High levels of galactitol in infants are specifically associated with hepatomegaly (an enlarged liver), cirrhosis, renal failure, cataracts, vomiting, seizure, hypoglycemia, lethargy, brain damage, and ovarian failure.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 20-MAR-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   20-MAR-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0      25.422 -14.465   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  O   UNK     0      24.088 -18.315   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0      26.755 -18.315   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0      22.754 -14.465   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0      29.422 -16.775   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0      20.087 -16.005   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0      25.422 -16.005   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0      24.088 -16.775   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0      26.755 -16.775   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0      22.754 -16.005   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0      28.089 -16.005   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0      21.421 -16.775   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    7                                                            
CONECT    2    8                                                            
CONECT    3    9                                                            
CONECT    4   10                                                            
CONECT    5   11                                                            
CONECT    6   12                                                            
CONECT    7    1    8    9                                                  
CONECT    8    2    7   10                                                  
CONECT    9    3    7   11                                                  
CONECT   10    4    8   12                                                  
CONECT   11    5    9                                                       
CONECT   12    6   10                                                       
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   12    0   22    0
END

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2R,3S,4R,5S)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol	ChEBI
D-Dulcitol	ChEBI
D-Galactitol	ChEBI
Dulcitol	ChEBI
Dulcose	ChEBI
Euonymit	ChEBI
L-Galactitol	ChEBI
Melampyrin	ChEBI
Melampyrit	ChEBI
Ambap5938	HMDB
Dulcite	HMDB
Hexitol	HMDB
Melampyrite	HMDB
Melampyrum	HMDB
meso-Galactitol	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₆H₁₄O₆

Average Mass

182.1718

Monoisotopic Mass

182.07903818

IUPAC Name

(2R,3S,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol

Traditional Name

galactitol

CAS Registry Number

608-66-2

SMILES

OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6-

InChI Key

FBPFZTCFMRRESA-GUCUJZIJSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Sugar alcohols

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Sugar alcohol
Monosaccharide
Secondary alcohol
Polyol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

hexitol (CHEBI:16813 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	229 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.7	ALOGPS
logP	-3.7	ChemAxon
logS	0.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	12.59	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	6	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	121.38 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	38.4 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	17.25 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014j-0941000000-61141f9f2ddc66e0b016	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS)	splash10-0gb9-1983000000-0a0dafcfea843fbb3c72	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014j-0941000000-61141f9f2ddc66e0b016	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0gb9-1983000000-0a0dafcfea843fbb3c72	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-03k9-9400000000-7a0f08ea65cbca1920f5	2017-09-01	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0a6s-7141193000-dcd9245e12314ee0ced4	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_11) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-005a-5900000000-35da0de23de5b9170aed	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-552b84764ceb9b497a7e	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-052f-9000000000-dfb4eef021d94d514588	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 4V, negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-028ff289dc870279e218	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 8V, negative	splash10-001i-1900000000-a99ee988b2a1bbab9137	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 12V, negative	splash10-0uyr-6900000000-04315425478b660c8947	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 16V, negative	splash10-0kg9-9400000000-54350b0516f39f8c9b50	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 20V, negative	splash10-0abi-9100000000-b4cf2b00830b765d5dcb	2020-07-21	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-0089-9000000000-20463a683f8ab7aa9e4d	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-5c4795e954d5c3e9b74e	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-43b7e571c1185de1e99b	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-160eaf7ef39d08853738	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-0udi-3900000000-3114e2bfe0cdbc68be19	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-000j-9000000000-635a869063bea88c0091	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-0uk9-3900000000-2ecc694b3a9844ec3ee5	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 3V, negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-61d17fd37e0e3ac16e37	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 4V, negative	splash10-03di-1900000000-90b308bca6baee5ab018	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 5V, negative	splash10-0ik9-2900000000-eb87481835668a3b0d3d	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 6V, negative	splash10-0w29-5900000000-a78bc11bf7d88c2b913e	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 7V, negative	splash10-0udi-8900000000-0ae9e05f3f4517635bba	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 9V, negative	splash10-0zmi-9500000000-4156ee30d358f68b2590	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-0udi-3900000000-0370fdfaee1df82b525d	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-05fr-9000000000-9699f16da2c5fbaef32d	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negative	splash10-000j-9000000000-0a119385f247c8ed7ae4	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 2V, negative	splash10-014i-0490000000-403aabe62ebe0fa60ab3	2020-07-22	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2021-10-10	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Membrane

Biospecimen Locations

Amniotic Fluid
Blood
Brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Erythrocyte
Eye Lens
Feces
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

Brain
Erythrocyte
Eye Lens

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191761	Aldose reductase	Unknown	P15121	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196682	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Unknown	O60218

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0001266	D-Galactose	Galactitol	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)		VMH; KEGG	12704219

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Alzheimer's disease		Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	8595727
Galactosemia		Association	Human Amniotic Fluid	HMDB	6433315
Galactosemia	Increased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	11092512
Galactosemia	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	7671965

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	58	Human saliva; Human feces; Human stool; Human urine; Human appendix biopsy; Human ; Human gastric fluid	Microbial culture; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	311	Human feces; Human urine; Human ; Pig ; Human mucosa; Human sputum; Human saliva; Human supragingival plaque; Cattle ; Human stool; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	87	Human feces; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	137	Human feces; Human sputum; Human ; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human stool; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Verrucomicrobia	1	Human ; Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Spirochaetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Fusobacteria	11	Human feces; Human	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Tenericutes	3	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Synergistetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Planctomycetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Source Sub-type	Species	Data Source	Reference
Animal		Spirulina	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Lota lota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Porphyra umbilicalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Chondrus crispus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Laminaria	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Strombidae	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	23438684
Animal		Haliotis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Clupea harengus harengus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Undaria pinnatifida	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Peprilus triacanthus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Myoxocephalus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Rhodophyta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Eucheuma	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Saccharina japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Syzygium jambos	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Nuphar lutea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Piper nigrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Thymus pulegioides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Dioscorea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Daucus carota ssp. sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mespilus germanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Origanum vulgare	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa var. perviridis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus maxima	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Momordica charantia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Castanea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Salvia elegans	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha aquatica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pleurotus ostreatus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum annuum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Colocasia esculenta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phaseolus coccineus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Anthriscus cerefolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pachyrhizus erosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis vinifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cydonia oblonga	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lupinus albus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cichorium endivia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes uva-crispa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Elaeis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Feijoa sellowiana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cinnamomum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Myristica fragrans	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Empetrum nigrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Myrica rubra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sagittaria latifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Fagus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tilia tomentosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Salvia officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum melongena	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. italica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Crocus sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium angustifolium x vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Syzygium cumini	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Annona muricata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Typha angustifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rheum rhabarbarum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Castanea sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lablab purpureus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Opuntia cochenillifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Angelica keiskei	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Apium graveolens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tamarindus indica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Hyssopus officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Valerianella locusta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vanilla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sambucus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Borago officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sisymbrium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus spectabilis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium vitis-idaea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pinus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Scorzonera hispanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Olea europaea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carya	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Psidium guajava	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cuminum cyminum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cantharellus cibarius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ipomoea aquatica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Manihot esculenta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Opuntia macrorhiza	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Morus nigra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Raphanus sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Daucus carota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Illicium verum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus dulcis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium cepa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l. f. alba dc.	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna radiata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum tuberosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Passiflora edulis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans ailanthifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica ruvo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pinus edulis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sinapis alba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Fragaria x ananassa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Auricularia auricula-judae	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Polygonum alpinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chamaemelum nobile	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Apium graveolens var. secalinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Melissa officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Hippophae rhamnoides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus idaeus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Musa x paradisiaca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pyrus communis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sambucus nigra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Arachis hypogaea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Abelmoschus esculentus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Manilkara zapota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Moringa oleifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Auricularia polytricha	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus arcticus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna angularis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Endosperm	Cocos nucifera	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Malus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Laurus nobilis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Corylus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Seed	Persea americana	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Rumex articus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes aureum var. villosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pediomelum esculentum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha spicata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chrysanthemum coronarium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eleocharis dulcis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mangifera indica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Attalea speciosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica juncea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Helianthus annuus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pimenta dioica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Metroxylon sagu	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Petroselinum crispum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes nigrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Camellia oleifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis rotundifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Thymus vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Zingiber officinale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Hibiscus sabdariffa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Morus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Origanum majorana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis labrusca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Medicago sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Benincasa hispida	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Canarium ovatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Actinidia chinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pisum sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Myrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Agaricus bisporus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cyathea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Spinacia oleracea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cajanus cajan	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carica papaya	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cynara scolymus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium angustifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna unguiculata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Artemisia vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucumis metuliferus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Nephelium lappaceum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna mungo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans cinerea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Armoracia rusticana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Psidium cattleianum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Castanea mollissima	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Thelesperma	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tetragonia tetragonioides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Artocarpus altilis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium elliottii	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phytolacca americana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium macrocarpon	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Foeniculum vulgare	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brosimum alicastrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Arctium lappa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus persica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Levisticum officinale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Corylus avellana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus x paradisi	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lentinus edodes	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chamerion angustifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rosmarinus officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phoenix dactylifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ziziphus zizyphus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pangium edule	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lepidium sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Malpighia emarginata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Castanea crenata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Physalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Matricaria recutita	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus cerasus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Litchi chinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Hedysarum alpinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Quercus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Grifola frondosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Helianthus tuberosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cynara cardunculus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Apium graveolens var. dulce	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ficus carica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Dimocarpus longan	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum pubescens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Trigonella foenum-graecum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Beta vulgaris var. rubra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna aconitifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans regia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis aestivalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Xanthosoma sagittifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eugenia javanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pimpinella anisum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. sabauda	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica napus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium stamineum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Salvia hispanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Crateva religiosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus aurantiifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha arvensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica alboglabra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Byrsonima crassifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Agave	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mammea americana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Asparagus officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Grataegosorbus mitschurinii	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Artemisia dracunculus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. viridis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitellaria paradoxa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Basella alba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eragrostis tef	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lactuca sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Annona squamosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Origanum x majoricum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Diospyros	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Amaranthus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Punica granatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pistacia vera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Beta vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Gossypium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus latifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes x nidigrolaria	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus chamaemorus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eugenia uniflora	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carya illinoinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium tuberosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lathyrus sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Diospyros virginiana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tragopogon porrifolius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes rubrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus x loganobaccus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa var. chinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Gaylussacia baccata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Portulaca oleracea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Garcinia mangostana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rumex	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sesbania bispinosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cinnamomum aromaticum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ipomoea batatas	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Annona reticulata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium ampeloprasum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chenopodium album	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucumis sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Elettaria cardamomum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Curcuma longa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita maxima	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Amelanchier alnifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sechium edule	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Petasites japonicus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium myrtilloides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pastinaca sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Malus pumila	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Taraxacum officinale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Matteuccia struthiopteris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium ascalonicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lactuca sativa l. var. longifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. conica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cinnamomum verum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Dioscorea pentaphylla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tilia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lippia graveolens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus tomentosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Corchorus olitorius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chenopodium quinoa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium deliciosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Maranta arundinacea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cichorium intybus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucumis melo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans nigra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha x piperita	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Nelumbo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ananas comosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Macadamia tetraphylla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita moschata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Macadamia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capparis spinosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus virginiana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Apium graveolens var. rapaceum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Papaver	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sorbus aucuparia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum annuum var. annuum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carissa macrocarpa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. costata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ocimum basilicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Panax	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa var. pekinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus limon	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Annona cherimola	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Satureja hortensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna umbellata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus occidentalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium fistulosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sesamum orientale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lagenaria siceraria	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lupinus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tilia cordata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Artocarpus heterophyllus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Glycine max	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phaseolus lunatus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes glandulosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Musa acuminata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Luffa aegyptiaca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lens culinaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cymbopogon citratus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Verbena officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium alaskaense	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Durio zibethinus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium oxycoccos	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phyllostachys edulis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Aloysia triphylla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium parvifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus sinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum chinense	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Linum usitatissimum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrullus lanatus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Averrhoa carambola	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carum carvi	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Nelumbo nucifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium schoenoprasum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus armeniaca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Bertholletia excelsa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus domestica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus reticulata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ceratonia siliqua	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium reticulatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Satureja montana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa var. rapa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium arboreum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Anethum graveolens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Coriandrum sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum quitoense	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Origanum onites	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carthamus tinctorius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Oenothera biennis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Perideridia oregana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus persica var. nucipersica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cicer arietinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Wasabia japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Anacardium occidentale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica napus var. pabularia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium uliginosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Viburnum edule	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eriobotrya japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Diospyros kaki	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Virola surinamensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rumex acetosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pyrus pyrifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Theobroma cacao	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Raphanus sativus var. sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus persica var. persica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. capitata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Theobroma grandiflorum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium myrtillus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Raphanus sativus var. niger	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Photinia melanocarpa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Flammulina velutipes	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Syzygium aromaticum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pouteria sapota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus ursinus x idaeus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ginkgo biloba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus avium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Camellia sinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vicia faba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cirsium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Dysphania ambrosioides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Opuntia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phaseolus vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Salix pulchra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium ovatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	1.65	0.22			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	8595727
Human Amniotic fluid	Detected and Quantified	7.96				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Galactosemia	HMDB	6433315
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	11.63	0.46			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Galactosemia	HMDB	11092512
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	38500		8000	69000	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Galactosemia	HMDB	7671965
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	472.5		45	900	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Galactosemia	HMDB	7671965
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0	30	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31506554
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.36		0.23	0.48	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7710082
Human Amniotic fluid	Detected and Quantified	0.7	0.18			uM	Not Specified	Both	Normal	HMDB	6433315
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.82		0.05	2.63	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	6434200
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	1.65	0.44			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8595727
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	1.82		1.17	2.47	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7710082
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	42		3	81	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7671965
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.7		0.0	12.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	19.44	4.95			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Brain	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Erythrocyte	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Eye lens	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21389975
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21330412

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000107

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

16813

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Ning C, Segal S: Plasma galactose and galactitol concentration in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency galactosemia: determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolism. 2000 Nov;49(11):1460-6. doi: 10.1053/meta.2000.9512. [PubMed:11092512 ]
Jakobs C, Warner TG, Sweetman L, Nyhan WL: Stable isotope dilution analysis of galactitol in amniotic fluid: an accurate approach to the prenatal diagnosis of galactosemia. Pediatr Res. 1984 Aug;18(8):714-8. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198408000-00007. [PubMed:6433315 ]
Ning C, Reynolds R, Chen J, Yager C, Berry GT, McNamara PD, Leslie N, Segal S: Galactose metabolism by the mouse with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2000 Aug;48(2):211-7. doi: 10.1203/00006450-200008000-00015. [PubMed:10926297 ]
Budde M, Gusek-Schneider GC, Junemann A, Jansen F, Shin YS: [Familial cataract in plasma galactitol increase without known enzyme defect]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1999 Oct;215(4):255-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1034710. [PubMed:10572890 ]
Berry GT, Hunter JV, Wang Z, Dreha S, Mazur A, Brooks DG, Ning C, Zimmerman RA, Segal S: In vivo evidence of brain galactitol accumulation in an infant with galactosemia and encephalopathy. J Pediatr. 2001 Feb;138(2):260-2. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2001.110423. [PubMed:11174626 ]
Pettit BR, King GS, Blau K: The analysis of hexitols in biological fluid by selected ion monitoring. Biomed Mass Spectrom. 1980 Jul;7(7):309-13. doi: 10.1002/bms.1200070708. [PubMed:7448335 ]
Ficicioglu C, Yager C, Segal S: Galactitol and galactonate in red blood cells of children with the Duarte/galactosemia genotype. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Feb;84(2):152-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.11.001. Epub 2004 Dec 9. [PubMed:15670721 ]
Jakobs C, Schweitzer S, Dorland B: Galactitol in galactosemia. Eur J Pediatr. 1995;154(7 Suppl 2):S50-2. doi: 10.1007/BF02143804. [PubMed:7671965 ]
Roboz J, Kappatos DC, Greaves J, Holland JF: Determination of polyols in serum by selected ion monitoring. Clin Chem. 1984 Oct;30(10):1611-5. [PubMed:6434200 ]
Airey CM, Price DE, Kemp JV, Perkins CM, Wales JK: The effect of aldose reductase inhibition on erythrocyte polyols and galactitol accumulation in diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 1989 Dec;6(9):804-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1989.tb01283.x. [PubMed:2533041 ]
Schwarz HP, Schaefer T, Bachmann C: Galactose and galactitol in the urine of children with compound heterozygosity for Duarte variant and classical galactosemia (GtD/gt) after an oral galactose load. Clin Chem. 1985 Mar;31(3):420-2. [PubMed:3971562 ]
Arola H, Sillanaukee P, Aine E, Koivula T, Isokoski M: Galactitol is not a cause of senile cataract. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1992;230(3):240-2. doi: 10.1007/BF00176297. [PubMed:1597290 ]
Allen JT, Holton JB, Gillett MG: Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of galactitol in amniotic fluid for possible use in prenatal diagnosis of galactosaemia. Clin Chim Acta. 1981 Feb 19;110(1):59-63. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(81)90300-4. [PubMed:7214715 ]
Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Rapoport SI: Capillary gas chromatography combined with ion trap detection for quantitative profiling of polyols in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Anal Biochem. 1995 Jan 1;224(1):279-85. doi: 10.1006/abio.1995.1041. [PubMed:7710082 ]
Berry GT, Palmieri M, Gross KC, Acosta PB, Henstenburg JA, Mazur A, Reynolds R, Segal S: The effect of dietary fruits and vegetables on urinary galactitol excretion in galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(1):91-100. doi: 10.1007/BF00711320. [PubMed:8487507 ]

Showing metabocard for Galactitol (MMDBc0000027)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafe7e7ad0>