Record Information
Version1.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2020-10-27 23:28:55 UTC
Update Date2024-04-30 19:30:58 UTC
Metabolite IDMMDBc0000060
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAlpha-Lactose
Descriptionalpha-Lactose is the major sugar present in milk and the main source of energy supplied to the newborn mammalian in its mother's milk. Lactose is also an important osmotic regulator of lactation. It is digested by the intestinal lactase (EC 3.2.1.108), an enzyme expressed in newborns. Its activity declines following weaning. As a result, adult mammals are normally lactose-intolerant and more than 75% of the human adult population suffers from lactase deficiency. Lactase deficiency is present in up to 80 percent of blacks and Latinos, and up to 100 percent of American Indians and Asians. Persons with lactose intolerance are unable to digest significant amounts of lactose. Common symptoms include abdominal pain and bloating, excessive flatus, and watery stool following the ingestion of foods containing lactose. A sizable number of adults believe they are lactose intolerant but do not actually have impaired lactose digestion, and some persons with lactase deficiency can tolerate moderate amounts of ingested lactose. A diagnosis of lactose intolerance can usually be made with a careful history supported by dietary manipulation. If necessary, diagnosis can be confirmed by using a breath hydrogen or lactose tolerance test. These mostly uncomfortable symptoms of lactose maldigestion are blamed for a variably dairy consumption. There is, however, emerging evidence that certain lactic acid-producing bacteria, which selectively consume prebiotics, may be beneficial against some lower intestinal diseases. Lactose maldigestion and lactose should perhaps be re-evaluated as a potential provider of such a prebiotic. Treatment consists primarily of avoiding lactose-containing foods. Lactase enzyme supplements may be helpful. The degree of lactose malabsorption varies greatly among patients with lactose intolerance, but most of them can ingest up to 350 mL of milk daily without symptoms. Lactose-intolerant patients must ensure adequate calcium intake. (PMID: 13130292 , 12216958 , 12197838 , 12018807 ). Lactose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of milk.
Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-alpha-D-glucopyranoseChEBI
4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoseChEBI
Anhydrous lactoseChEBI
beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-alpha-D-GLCPChEBI
LactoseChEBI
Milk sugarChEBI
1-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-a-D-glucopyranoseGenerator
1-Β-D-galactopyranosyl-4-α-D-glucopyranoseGenerator
4-O-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-a-D-glucopyranoseGenerator
4-O-Β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoseGenerator
b-D-Galp-(1->4)-a-D-GLCPGenerator
Β-D-galp-(1->4)-α-D-GLCPGenerator
a-LactoseGenerator
Α-lactoseGenerator
(+)-LactoseHMDB
1-beta-delta-Galactopyranosyl-4-alpha-delta-glucopyranoseHMDB
4-O-HexopyranosylhexoseHMDB
AletobioseHMDB
DilactoseHMDB
Fast-flo lactoseHMDB
Flowlac 100HMDB
GalactinumHMDB
GLC-(4-1)GalHMDB
Granulac 140mHMDB
LactinHMDB
Lactin (carbohydrate)HMDB
LactobioseHMDB
Lactohale 300HMDB
Lactose anhydrideHMDB
Lactose fast-floHMDB
OsmolactanHMDB
Pharmatosa DCL 21HMDB
Pharmatose 21HMDB
Pharmatose 325mHMDB
Pharmatose DCL 15HMDB
PrismalacHMDB
Respitose ML 003HMDB
Respitose SV 003HMDB
Saccharum lactinHMDB
SachelacHMDB
Sorbalac 400HMDB
Sorbolac 400HMDB
SpherolacHMDB
Super-tabHMDB
TablettoseHMDB
Tablettose 70HMDB
Tablettose 80HMDB
Zeparox epHMDB
Lactose, anhydrousHMDB
Molecular FormulaC12H22O11
Average Mass342.2965
Monoisotopic Mass342.116211546
IUPAC Name(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Nameα-lactose
CAS Registry Number63-42-3
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+/m1/s1
InChI KeyGUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N