Record Information
Version1.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2020-10-27 23:27:55 UTC
Update Date2024-10-15 16:25:40 UTC
Metabolite IDMMDBc0000033
Metabolite Identification
Common NameD-Glucose
DescriptionGlucose (CAS: 50-99-7) is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group and is therefore referred to as an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form, the latter being the result of an intramolecular reaction between the aldehyde C atom and the C-5 hydroxyl group to form an intramolecular hemiacetal. In aqueous solution, both forms are in equilibrium and at pH 7 the cyclic one is predominant. Glucose is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. In animals, glucose arises from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis. Glucose is synthesized in the liver and kidneys from non-carbohydrate intermediates, such as pyruvate and glycerol, by a process known as gluconeogenesis. D-Glucose is found to be associated with 3-methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria, growth hormone deficiency, and primary hypomagnesemia, which are inborn errors of metabolism. Glucose is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose. Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals. Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolyzed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes. Classification of the glucosides is quite difficult. One system based on the chemical constitution of the non-glucose part of the molecules has been proposed. This system outlines four groups: (1) ethylene derivatives, (2) benzene derivatives, (3) styrolene derivatives, and (4) anthracene derivatives. A group may also be made to include the cyanogenetic glucosides (i.e. those containing prussic acid). Other classifications follow a botanical classification, which has several advantages; in particular, plants of allied genera contain similar compounds.
Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
GlucoseChEMBL, HMDB
b-D-GlucoseGenerator
β-D-glucoseGenerator
b-D-GlucopyranoseHMDB, Generator
b-DextroseHMDB
b-GlucoseHMDB
beta-D-GlucopyranoseHMDB, KEGG
beta-DextroseHMDB
beta-GlucoseHMDB
D GlucoseMeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (beta-D)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
DextroseMeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (DL)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
D-GlucoseMeSH, HMDB
D-GlucopyranoseHMDB
D-GlucopyranosideHMDB
beta-D-GlucopyranosideHMDB
beta-D-GlucoseHMDB
β-D-GlucopyranoseHMDB
β-D-GlucopyranosideHMDB
β-D-GlucoseHMDB
β-DextroseHMDB
β-GlucoseHMDB
D-GLCHMDB
D-GLCPHMDB
GLC-OHHMDB
Molecular FormulaC6H12O6
Average Mass180.1559
Monoisotopic Mass180.063388116
IUPAC Name(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
Traditional Nameglucoside
CAS Registry Number492-61-5
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1
InChI KeyWQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N