MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Sorbitol (MMDBc0000085)

Not Available

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:29:50 UTC

Update Date

2024-09-27 22:15:29 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000085

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Sorbitol

Description

Sorbitol is a polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications. Ascorbic acid fermentation; in solution form for moisture-conditioning of cosmetic creams and lotions, toothpaste, tobacco, gelatin; bodying agent for paper, textiles, and liquid pharmaceuticals; softener for candy; sugar crystallization inhibitor; surfactants; urethane resins and rigid foams; plasticizer, stabilizer for vinyl resins; food additive (sweetener, humectant, emulsifier, thickener, anticaking agent); dietary supplement. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary) Biological Source: Occurs widely in plants ranging from algae to the higher orders. Fruits of the plant family Rosaceae, which include apples, pears, cherries, apricots, contain appreciable amounts. Rich sources are the fruits of the Sorbus and Crataegus species Use/Importance: Used for manufacturing of sorbose, propylene glycol, ascorbic acid, resins, plasticizers and as antifreeze mixtures with glycerol or glycol. Tablet diluent, sweetening agent and humectant, other food uses. Sorbitol is used in photometric determination of Ru(VI) and Ru(VIII); in acid-base titration of borate (Dictionary of Organic Compounds).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 03-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   03-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0       1.953   2.667   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       3.286   3.437   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       4.620   2.667   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0       4.620   1.127   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       5.954   3.437   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0       5.954   4.977   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       7.287   2.667   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       7.287   1.127   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0       8.621   3.437   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0       8.621   4.977   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0       9.955   2.667   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  O   UNK     0      11.288   3.437   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2                                                            
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2    4    5                                                  
CONECT    4    3                                                            
CONECT    5    3    6    7                                                  
CONECT    6    5                                                            
CONECT    7    5    8    9                                                  
CONECT    8    7                                                            
CONECT    9    7   10   11                                                  
CONECT   10    9                                                            
CONECT   11    9   12                                                       
CONECT   12   11                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   12    0   22    0
END

Synonyms

Value	Source
(-)-Sorbitol	ChEBI
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol	ChEBI
D-(-)-Sorbitol	ChEBI
D-Sorbit	ChEBI
D-SORBITOL	ChEBI
e 420	ChEBI
e-420	ChEBI
e420	ChEBI
g-Ol	ChEBI
GLC-Ol	ChEBI
L-Gulitol	ChEBI
D-Glucitol	Kegg
Sorbitol 3% in plastic container	Kegg
D-Sorbol	HMDB
Diakarmon	HMDB
Esasorb	HMDB
Foodol D 70	HMDB
Glucarine	HMDB
Glucitol	HMDB
Karion	HMDB
Karion instant	HMDB
Kyowa powder 50m	HMDB
Multitol	HMDB
Neosorb	HMDB
Neosorb 20/60dC	HMDB
Neosorb 70/02	HMDB
Neosorb 70/70	HMDB
Neosorb p 20/60	HMDB
Neosorb p 60	HMDB
Neosorb p 60W	HMDB
Nivitin	HMDB
Resulax	HMDB
Sionit	HMDB
Sionit K	HMDB
Sionite	HMDB
Sionon	HMDB
Siosan	HMDB
Sorbex m	HMDB
Sorbex R	HMDB
Sorbex RP	HMDB
Sorbex S	HMDB
Sorbex X	HMDB
Sorbilande	HMDB
Sorbilax	HMDB
Sorbit	HMDB
Sorbit D 70	HMDB
Sorbit D-powder	HMDB
Sorbit DP	HMDB
Sorbit DP 50	HMDB
Sorbit kyowa powder 50m	HMDB
Sorbit L 70	HMDB
Sorbit S	HMDB
Sorbit T 70	HMDB
Sorbit W 70	HMDB
Sorbit W-powder	HMDB
Sorbit W-powder 50	HMDB
Sorbit WP	HMDB
Sorbite	HMDB
Sorbitol F	HMDB
Sorbitol FK	HMDB
Sorbitol FP	HMDB
Sorbitol S	HMDB
Sorbitol syrup C	HMDB
Sorbitur	HMDB
Sorbo	HMDB
Sorbogem 712	HMDB
Sorbol	HMDB
Sorbostyl	HMDB
Medefield brand OF sorbitol	HMDB
Sorbitol pfizer brand	HMDB
Yal	HMDB
Klysma sorbit	HMDB
Medevac	HMDB
Trommsdorff brand OF sorbitol	HMDB
Baxter brand OF sorbitol	HMDB
Pfizer brand OF sorbitol	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₆H₁₄O₆

Average Mass

182.1718

Monoisotopic Mass

182.07903818

IUPAC Name

(2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol

Traditional Name

D-sorbitol

CAS Registry Number

50-70-4

SMILES

OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1

InChI Key

FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Sugar alcohols

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Sugar alcohol
Monosaccharide
Secondary alcohol
Polyol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

glucitol (CHEBI:17924 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	229 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.7	ALOGPS
logP	-3.7	ChemAxon
logS	0.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	12.59	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	6	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	121.38 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	38.4 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	17.12 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ldj-0941000000-19d96a9ba7ba0c482c83	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS)	splash10-014i-1973000000-d907b75f68a7927501a7	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ldj-0941000000-19d96a9ba7ba0c482c83	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014i-1973000000-d907b75f68a7927501a7	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0ktb-0931000000-4ffadb4b25e8e2510d93	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-03k9-9500000000-97c5853d3e9b96f9d054	2016-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0a6s-7141193000-dcd9245e12314ee0ced4	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_11) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-017j-8900000000-700285f86eac0a3501d1	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-066r-9000000000-84676b839b145250d67d	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-052f-9000000000-dce72cab270c488d65da	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negative	splash10-0ik9-2900000000-26a16e983791be7818f2	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negative	splash10-0ik9-2900000000-6513771e890cbff9c402	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-014j-0900000000-58e6917626e28d1830a2	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-83169b2192f847cc0636	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-4cd721d87e359527adf3	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-b44f68c64bc74e79e9fc	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-bbb5e957a9e67ddc411e	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-772c3052966c05f29842	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-d1fbea514e7f1c1628f2	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-0udi-0790000000-b5b098cd5b4b4ec10821	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-0udi-0690000000-41d4e48d49836c63485c	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negative	splash10-0002-9200000000-9b9f891e480758a7d333	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-014j-0900000000-6ed9009701977f0a1c00	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00kb-1900000000-7cc0793661b053aaf61e	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-001i-2900000000-ef92b9091ecf5d15cdee	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-03di-9300000000-47f19bd4e51bff726536	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-03dl-9100000000-60d5147d8e349337fe97	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-07ju-8900000000-36f0fe0f346a6424162a	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0c0c-9200000000-36e85b5ec098a45204c3	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0btc-9000000000-77703ee971336704163f	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0002-3900000000-6801fbed6b67e0df2d20	2021-09-24	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-03dl-9000000000-4454dcd4b817c183328b	2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)		2016-10-22	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-16	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2021-10-10	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Membrane

Biospecimen Locations

Adipose Tissue
Adrenal Medulla
Bladder
Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Erythrocyte
Eye Lens
Feces
Fibroblasts
Kidney
Liver
Neuron
Placenta
Platelet
Prostate
Retina
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

Adipose Tissue
Adrenal Medulla
Bladder
Erythrocyte
Eye Lens
Fibroblasts
Kidney
Liver
Neuron
Placenta
Platelet
Prostate
Retina

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191761	Aldose reductase	Unknown	P15121	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191880	Glucokinase	Enzyme	P35557	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191882	Hexokinase-3	Enzyme	P52790	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191883	Hexokinase-2	Enzyme	P52789	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192160	Sorbitol dehydrogenase	Unknown	Q00796	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192361	Alpha-galactosidase A	Enzyme	P06280	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193363	Glycophorin-B	Enzyme	P06028	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196682	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Unknown	O60218

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0002097	Sorbitol	D-Fructose	Not Available	VMH; KEGG	30371894
MMDBr0002098	D-Glucose	Sorbitol	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	VMH	12071861 9823300
MMDBr0003983	Sorbitol	D-Glucose	Not Available	VMH	9537432
MMDBr0004352	Sorbitol	Sorbitol 3-Phosphate	Not Available	VMH	2211634

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Alzheimer's disease		Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	8595727
Uremia	Increased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	12675874
Eosinophilic esophagitis		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	185	Human ; Human mucosa; Human stool; Human supragingival plaque; Human feces; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque; Human sputum; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal	Microbial culture; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	449	Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque; Human feces; Human urine; Human stool; Human sputum; Goat feces; Sheep feces; Human mucosa; Human vaginal fluid; Pig ; Cattle	Microbial culture; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	37	Human saliva; Human feces; Human stool; Human urine; Human ; Human subgingival plaque; Human appendix biopsy	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Spirochaetes	3	Human feces	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	7	Human feces; Human saliva; Human supragingival plaque	Microbial culture; Unknown
Bacteria	Deinococcus-thermus	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	111	Human feces; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human mucosa; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Chloroflexi	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Verrucomicrobia	2	Human ; Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Fusobacteria	7	Human feces; Human	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Tenericutes	3	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Synergistetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Planctomycetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Source Sub-type	Species	Data Source	Reference
Animal		Saccharina japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Spirulina	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Lota lota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Porphyra umbilicalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Chondrus crispus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Laminaria	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Strombidae	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Haliotis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Clupea harengus harengus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Undaria pinnatifida	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Peprilus triacanthus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Rhodophyta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Myoxocephalus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Animal		Eucheuma	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Food			FooDB	Zoecklein. Wine Analysis and Production
Plant		Anacardium occidentale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Oenothera biennis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica napus var. pabularia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium reticulatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Diospyros kaki	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Satureja montana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum quitoense	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Virola surinamensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium arboreum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Theobroma cacao	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rumex acetosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Origanum onites	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Perideridia oregana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pyrus pyrifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Wasabia japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. capitata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Theobroma grandiflorum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Viburnum edule	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus japonica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium uliginosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium myrtillus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Flammulina velutipes	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Syzygium aromaticum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ginkgo biloba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Camellia sinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phaseolus vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pouteria sapota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Raphanus sativus var. sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vicia faba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus avium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus persica var. persica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cocos nucifera	FooDB	24285751
Plant		Daucus carota ssp. sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Piper nigrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus ursinus x idaeus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Raphanus sativus var. niger	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Dioscorea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Photinia melanocarpa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Momordica charantia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Origanum vulgare	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cirsium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Opuntia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Dysphania ambrosioides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Castanea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis vinifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum annuum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pleurotus ostreatus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Nuphar lutea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Colocasia esculenta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Salix pulchra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Anthriscus cerefolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pachyrhizus erosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Syzygium jambos	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium ovatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lupinus albus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Thymus pulegioides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus maxima	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cichorium endivia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mespilus germanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Myristica fragrans	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Elaeis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cinnamomum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum melongena	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Feijoa sellowiana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa var. perviridis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes uva-crispa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Fagus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. italica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Crocus sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Salvia elegans	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cydonia oblonga	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha aquatica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lablab purpureus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phaseolus coccineus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Salvia officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rheum rhabarbarum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Castanea sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Opuntia cochenillifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Apium graveolens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Annona muricata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Twig	Punica granatum	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Sagittaria latifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Empetrum nigrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Myrica rubra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tilia tomentosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tamarindus indica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Syzygium cumini	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Typha angustifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium angustifolium x vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Fruit	Prunus cerasus	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Valerianella locusta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sambucus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Angelica keiskei	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sisymbrium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pinus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Hyssopus officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Olea europaea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vanilla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Borago officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Psidium guajava	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium vitis-idaea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carya	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Plant	Prunus armeniaca	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Scorzonera hispanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus spectabilis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ipomoea aquatica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Manihot esculenta	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Daucus carota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Raphanus sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum tuberosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cuminum cyminum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Endosperm	Cocos nucifera	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus dulcis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cantharellus cibarius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna radiata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l. f. alba dc.	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Opuntia macrorhiza	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Morus nigra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Musa x paradisiaca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sinapis alba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica ruvo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pinus edulis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Fragaria x ananassa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium cepa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Apium graveolens var. secalinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Arachis hypogaea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Passiflora edulis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Illicium verum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pyrus communis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Manilkara zapota	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Abelmoschus esculentus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Moringa oleifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans ailanthifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Auricularia auricula-judae	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna angularis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chamaemelum nobile	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Malus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Polygonum alpinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Hippophae rhamnoides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Corylus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Melissa officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sambucus nigra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha spicata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mangifera indica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Auricularia polytricha	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Laurus nobilis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pediomelum esculentum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Attalea speciosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus arcticus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Helianthus annuus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Petroselinum crispum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes nigrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rumex articus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chrysanthemum coronarium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eleocharis dulcis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Zingiber officinale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica juncea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes aureum var. villosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Camellia oleifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pisum sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pimenta dioica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Thymus vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Actinidia chinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Canarium ovatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Metroxylon sagu	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Medicago sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Hibiscus sabdariffa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Spinacia oleracea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Agaricus bisporus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Origanum majorana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carica papaya	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Benincasa hispida	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cajanus cajan	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis rotundifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna mungo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Morus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Armoracia rusticana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis labrusca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans cinerea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cyathea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Arctium lappa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Myrica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Psidium cattleianum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus persica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna unguiculata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Foeniculum vulgare	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Artocarpus altilis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cynara scolymus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Castanea mollissima	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium macrocarpon	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brosimum alicastrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucumis metuliferus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Nephelium lappaceum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Artemisia vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium angustifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lentinus edodes	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus x paradisi	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rosmarinus officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phytolacca americana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tetragonia tetragonioides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lepidium sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Castanea crenata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Thelesperma	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Helianthus tuberosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium elliottii	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Grifola frondosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Corylus avellana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Quercus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Levisticum officinale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ficus carica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chamerion angustifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Beta vulgaris var. rubra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Litchi chinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Malpighia emarginata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Physalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ziziphus zizyphus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Leaves	Eriobotrya japonica	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Matricaria recutita	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Trigonella foenum-graecum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pangium edule	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Dimocarpus longan	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans regia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Hedysarum alpinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cynara cardunculus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. sabauda	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica napus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Apium graveolens var. dulce	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Asparagus officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Salvia hispanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Artemisia dracunculus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Agave	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna aconitifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pimpinella anisum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus aurantiifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. viridis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Xanthosoma sagittifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum pubescens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitellaria paradoxa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lactuca sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis aestivalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica alboglabra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eragrostis tef	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eugenia javanica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mammea americana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Basella alba	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Diospyros	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Amaranthus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium stamineum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Crateva religiosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pistacia vera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Byrsonima crassifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Annona squamosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Beta vulgaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha arvensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Gossypium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vitis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Grataegosorbus mitschurinii	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus latifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Origanum x majoricum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carya illinoinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Fruit	Sorbus aucuparia	FooDB	24285751
Plant		Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa var. chinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Portulaca oleracea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Diospyros virginiana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucumis sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cinnamomum aromaticum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes rubrum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ipomoea batatas	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium ampeloprasum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chenopodium album	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rumex	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus chamaemorus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes x nidigrolaria	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Eugenia uniflora	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita maxima	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant			FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sechium edule	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tragopogon porrifolius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Pastinaca sativa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium tuberosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus x loganobaccus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lathyrus sativus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Amelanchier alnifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Garcinia mangostana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Annona reticulata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sesbania bispinosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium ascalonicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lactuca sativa l. var. longifolia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Curcuma longa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Taraxacum officinale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Gaylussacia baccata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Elettaria cardamomum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Dioscorea pentaphylla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Petasites japonicus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Persea americana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium myrtilloides	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Matteuccia struthiopteris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tilia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Corchorus olitorius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cichorium intybus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus tomentosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Chenopodium quinoa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. conica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cinnamomum verum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Maranta arundinacea	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ananas comosus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucumis melo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Juglans nigra	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lippia graveolens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Mentha x piperita	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carum carvi	FooDB	24285751
Plant	Fruit	Rubus idaeus	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Nelumbo	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cucurbita moschata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Macadamia	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium deliciosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Apium graveolens var. rapaceum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Papaver	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum annuum var. annuum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ocimum basilicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa var. pekinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus limon	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Annona cherimola	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capparis spinosa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Macadamia tetraphylla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus virginiana	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Sesamum orientale	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Glycine max	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carissa macrocarpa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Artocarpus heterophyllus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica oleracea var. costata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Panax	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Satureja hortensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phaseolus lunatus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Fruit	Phoenix dactylifera	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Lagenaria siceraria	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lens culinaris	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Fruit	Prunus avium	FooDB	Valentina Usenik, Jerneja Fabcic, Franci Stampar. Sugars, organic acids, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) Food Chemistry 107 (2008) 185-192
Plant		Musa acuminata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna umbellata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus sinensis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Rubus occidentalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium fistulosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Lupinus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Phyllostachys edulis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Tilia cordata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Linum usitatissimum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant	Leaves	Malus pumila	FooDB	DUKE
Plant		Luffa aegyptiaca	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Averrhoa carambola	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Nelumbo nucifera	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cymbopogon citratus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Allium schoenoprasum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrullus lanatus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus domestica	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ribes glandulosum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium alaskaense	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Durio zibethinus	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Bertholletia excelsa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Citrus reticulata	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Ceratonia siliqua	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Verbena officinalis	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium oxycoccos	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Brassica rapa var. rapa	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Coriandrum sativum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Anethum graveolens	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Aloysia triphylla	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Vaccinium parvifolium	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Capsicum chinense	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Carthamus tinctorius	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Cicer arietinum	FooDB	Manually Annotated
Plant		Prunus persica var. nucipersica	FooDB	Manually Annotated

Source Type	Activity	Data Source	Reference
Not Available	Neurodevelopment effects	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Not Available	Neurotoxicity	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Drugs	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Drugs	Antimicrobial	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	22.89	3.34			uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	8595727
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	23.3	3.3			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	8595727
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	17.0330	11.538			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Uremia	HMDB	12675874
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	<1.00				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15707277
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	<2.198				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12675874
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.09	0.37			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7710082
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	13.0		9.49	16.5	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7710082
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	15.6	1.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	10840171
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19.4	5.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8595727
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19.43	5.65			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	8595727
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.9		1.9	5.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.74	10.36			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.9		2.5	18.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	52.238				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	46.064	38.805			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	13.0		4.0	24.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	17.2	4.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.5	2.24			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	196.17	346.21			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Adipose tissue	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Adrenal medulla	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Bladder	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Erythrocyte	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Eye lens	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Fibroblasts	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Kidney	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Liver	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Neuron	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Platelet	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Prostate	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Retina	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	12097436
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	28157703
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000247

DrugBank ID

DB01638

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Sorbitol

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

5780

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

17924

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

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Morenkova SA: [Comparative analysis of dependence of saliva sorbitol and fructosamine levels on blood glucose level in patients with diabetes]. Biomed Khim. 2004;50(6):612-4. [PubMed:15707277 ]
Bareford D, Jennings PE, Stone PC, Baar S, Barnett AH, Stuart J: Effects of hyperglycaemia and sorbitol accumulation on erythrocyte deformability in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pathol. 1986 Jul;39(7):722-7. doi: 10.1136/jcp.39.7.722. [PubMed:3090107 ]
Ciuchi E, Odetti P, Prando R: Relationship between glutathione and sorbitol concentrations in erythrocytes from diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1996 May;45(5):611-3. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(96)90032-3. [PubMed:8622605 ]
Kwang-Hyok S, Ui-Nam P, Sarkar C, Bhadra R: A sensitive assay of red blood cell sorbitol level by high performance liquid chromatography: potential for diagnostic evaluation of diabetes. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Apr;354(1-2):41-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.11.006. Epub 2005 Jan 18. [PubMed:15748598 ]
Nau R: Osmotherapy for elevated intracranial pressure: a critical reappraisal. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000 Jan;38(1):23-40. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200038010-00002. [PubMed:10668857 ]
Belanger DR, Tierney MG, Dickinson G: Effect of sodium polystyrene sulfonate on lithium bioavailability. Ann Emerg Med. 1992 Nov;21(11):1312-5. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81893-1. [PubMed:1416324 ]
Ciuchi E, Odetti P, Prando R: The effect of acute glutathione treatment on sorbitol level in erythrocytes from diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab. 1997 Feb;23(1):58-60. [PubMed:9059767 ]
Shinohara R, Ohta Y, Yamauchi M, Ishiguro I: Improved fluorometric enzymatic sorbitol assay in human blood. Clin Chim Acta. 1998 May 25;273(2):171-84. doi: 10.1016/s0009-8981(98)00036-9. [PubMed:9657347 ]
Peterson MJ, Page MG, Just LJ, Aldinger CE, Malone JI: Applicability of red blood cell sorbitol measurements to monitor the clinical activity of sorbinil. Metabolism. 1986 Apr;35(4 Suppl 1):93-5. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(86)90194-0. [PubMed:3515121 ]
Vertommen J, Rillaerts E, Gysels M, De Leeuw I: Erythrocyte sorbitol content in diabetic patients: relation to metabolic control. Diabete Metab. 1987 Jun;13(3):182-6. [PubMed:3301442 ]
Cunningham JJ, Mearkle PL, Brown RG: Vitamin C: an aldose reductase inhibitor that normalizes erythrocyte sorbitol in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 1994 Aug;13(4):344-50. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1994.10718420. [PubMed:7963139 ]
Airey CM, Price DE, Kemp JV, Perkins CM, Wales JK: The effect of aldose reductase inhibition on erythrocyte polyols and galactitol accumulation in diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 1989 Dec;6(9):804-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1989.tb01283.x. [PubMed:2533041 ]
Kamon N, Mabuchi H, Takeda R, Terashima H: Effects of aldose reductase inhibitor (ONO-2235) on human erythrocyte sorbitol concentrations in 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests. Horm Metab Res. 1991 May;23(5):226-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1003658. [PubMed:1908433 ]
Sizeland PC, Chambers ST, Lever M, Bason LM, Robson RA: Short-term response of nonurea organic osmolytes in human kidney to a water load and water deprivation. Am J Physiol. 1995 Feb;268(2 Pt 2):F227-33. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.2.F227. [PubMed:7864160 ]
Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Rapoport SI: Capillary gas chromatography combined with ion trap detection for quantitative profiling of polyols in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Anal Biochem. 1995 Jan 1;224(1):279-85. doi: 10.1006/abio.1995.1041. [PubMed:7710082 ]
van Griensven JM, Jusko WJ, Lemkes HH, Kroon R, Verhorst CJ, Chiang ST, Cohen AF: Tolrestat pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects on red blood cell sorbitol levels in normal volunteers and in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995 Dec;58(6):631-40. doi: 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90019-5. [PubMed:8529328 ]
Regenold WT, Kling MA, Hauser P: Elevated sorbitol concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mood disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2000 Aug;25(6):593-606. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00012-3. [PubMed:10840171 ]
Gehring H, Hornberger C, Dibbelt L, Dorges V, Eichenauer R, Schmucker P: Detecting and quantifying absorbed irrigation fluid by measuring mannitol and sorbitol concentrations in serum samples, and by ethanol monitoring. BJU Int. 2002 Feb;89(3):202-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.01198.x. [PubMed:11856099 ]
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Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Showing metabocard for Sorbitol (MMDBc0000085)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafefd8b68>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafefd8b68>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafefd8b68>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafefd8b68>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafefd8b68>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafefd8b68>

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Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafefd8b68>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdafefd8b68>