MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Gluconic acid (MMDBc0000124)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:36:45 UTC

Update Date

2022-08-30 23:57:42 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000124

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Gluconic acid

Description

Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey and wine and is used as a food additive, an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it helps cleaning up mineral deposits. It is a strong chelating agent, especially in alkaline solution. It chelates the anions of calcium, iron, aluminium, copper, and other heavy metals. Glucono delta lactone is a cyclic ester of D-gluconic acid. Gluconic acid has been found to be a metabolite in Aspergillus (Hugo Vanden Bossche, D.W.R. Mackenzie and G. Cauwenbergh. Aspergillus and Aspergillosis, 1987).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI


  Mrv1652309042000042D          

 13 12  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
   22.2164  -15.6487    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   21.5020  -17.7111    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   22.9309  -17.7111    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   20.7876  -15.6487    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   24.3597  -16.8862    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   19.3587  -16.4736    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   20.0732  -17.7111    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   22.2164  -16.4736    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   21.5020  -16.8862    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   22.9309  -16.8862    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   20.7876  -16.4736    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   23.6452  -16.4736    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   20.0732  -16.8862    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  8  1  1  6  0  0  0
  9  2  1  6  0  0  0
 10  3  1  1  0  0  0
 11  4  1  6  0  0  0
  5 12  1  0  0  0  0
  6 13  1  0  0  0  0
  7 13  2  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  8 10  1  0  0  0  0
  9 11  1  0  0  0  0
 10 12  1  0  0  0  0
 11 13  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
MMDBc0000124

> <DATABASE_NAME>
MIME

> <SMILES>
OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H12O7

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
196.1553

> <EXACT_MASS>
196.058302738

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
7

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
25

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
17.148802962823897

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
6

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-2.57

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-3.4097443106666665

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.09

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA>
12.593710458724516

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
3.388205574321856

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.974220927705365

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
138.45000000000002

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
38.27100000000001

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
0

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.59e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
gluconate

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 04-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   04-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0      41.471 -29.211   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  O   UNK     0      40.137 -33.061   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0      42.804 -33.061   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0      38.804 -29.211   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0      45.471 -31.521   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0      36.136 -30.751   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0      37.470 -33.061   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0      41.471 -30.751   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0      40.137 -31.521   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0      42.804 -31.521   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0      38.804 -30.751   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0      44.138 -30.751   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   13  C   UNK     0      37.470 -31.521   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    8                                                            
CONECT    2    9                                                            
CONECT    3   10                                                            
CONECT    4   11                                                            
CONECT    5   12                                                            
CONECT    6   13                                                            
CONECT    7   13                                                            
CONECT    8    1    9   10                                                  
CONECT    9    2    8   11                                                  
CONECT   10    3    8   12                                                  
CONECT   11    4    9   13                                                  
CONECT   12    5   10                                                       
CONECT   13    6    7   11                                                  
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   13    0   24    0
END

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid	ChEBI
D-Gluco-hexonic acid	ChEBI
D-Gluconsaeure	ChEBI
D-Glukonsaeure	ChEBI
Dextronic acid	ChEBI
Glycogenic acid	ChEBI
Hexonic acid	ChEBI
Maltonic acid	ChEBI
D-Gluconate	Kegg
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoate	Generator
D-Gluco-hexonate	Generator
Dextronate	Generator
Glycogenate	Generator
Hexonate	Generator
Maltonate	Generator
D-Gluconic acid	Generator
Gluconate	Generator
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-hexanoate	HMDB
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-hexanoic acid	HMDB
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoate	HMDB
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid	HMDB
GCO	HMDB
Glosanto	HMDB
Glyconate	HMDB
Glyconic acid	HMDB
Pentahydroxycaproate	HMDB
Pentahydroxycaproic acid	HMDB
Boron gluconate	HMDB
Gluconic acid, (113)indium-labeled	HMDB
Gluconic acid, calcium salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, cesium(+3) salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, lanthanum(+3) salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, sodium salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, strontium (2:1) salt	HMDB
Magnerot	HMDB
Manganese gluconate	HMDB
Sodium gluconate	HMDB
Zinc gluconate	HMDB
Gluconic acid, (159)dysprosium-labeled salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, aluminum (3:1) salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, ammonium salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, magnesium (2:1) salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, (14)C-labeled	HMDB
Gluconic acid, 1-(14)C-labeled	HMDB
Gluconic acid, 6-(14)C-labeled	HMDB
Gluconic acid, cobalt (2:1) salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, copper salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, manganese (2:1) salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, potassium salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, tin(+2) salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, zinc salt	HMDB
Lithium gluconate	HMDB
Magnesium gluconate	HMDB
Gluconic acid, (99)technecium (5+) salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, fe(+2) salt, dihydrate	HMDB
Gluconic acid, monolithium salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, monopotassium salt	HMDB
Gluconic acid, monosodium salt	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₆H₁₂O₇

Average Mass

196.1553

Monoisotopic Mass

196.058302738

IUPAC Name

(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid

Traditional Name

gluconate

CAS Registry Number

526-95-4

SMILES

OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1

InChI Key

RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Sugar acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Gluconic_acid
Medium-chain hydroxy acid
Medium-chain fatty acid
Beta-hydroxy acid
Hydroxy fatty acid
Alpha-hydroxy acid
Fatty acyl
Fatty acid
Hydroxy acid
Monosaccharide
Secondary alcohol
Carboxylic acid derivative
Carboxylic acid
Polyol
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Alcohol
Carbonyl group
Primary alcohol
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

gluconic acid (CHEBI:33198 )
Uronic acids (C00257 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	159 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.6	ALOGPS
logP	-3.4	ChemAxon
logS	-0.09	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.39	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	7	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	6	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	138.45 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	38.27 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	17.15 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0932000000-202af87cea2d1f7184ab	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-005a-0920000000-2308d9356bc5bb01420e	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-014j-0950000000-61ab7adf15e353df4ba2	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS)	splash10-0le9-1964000000-5eb7d6777170e1ad5fa0	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0932000000-202af87cea2d1f7184ab	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0le9-1964000000-5eb7d6777170e1ad5fa0	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0931000000-b07fcc4ac1e6701d32c8	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0fr2-0930000000-181f7b697b591cf8080b	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-06tu-9500000000-ebe398c88f74bb51e702	2016-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (6 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-03fr-6121297000-698854fa2453487a1d69	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_6_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS ("Gluconic acid,6TBDMS,#1" TMS) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-14	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-06vj-1900000000-78e4a5d92be678c068e4	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-03ds-5900000000-f5d8284baa473ce9d77f	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-014i-9500000000-7c5b20eef98d0e3d6cbb	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-0002-0900000000-b2632ca9154cc5e44438	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-002b-5900000000-4a3066f9dfd6653682fb	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-004i-9000000000-50f63dfd017a8380a47c	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-056r-9000000000-91ccf7c8949c1c9d852a	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0a6r-9000000000-6e40f1cebd8b460016b3	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0002-0900000000-b2632ca9154cc5e44438	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-002b-5900000000-cf9b480ac397acfebc71	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-004i-9000000000-eca61f6a9c0f1d06e84d	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-056r-9000000000-91ccf7c8949c1c9d852a	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0a6r-9000000000-6e40f1cebd8b460016b3	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a6r-9000000000-3950065b412843471434	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Negative	splash10-0a6r-7900000000-5bb7335ada119405f6ad	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-056r-5900000000-717fb7f30be3f6d61d46	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-002b-6900000000-a8da6e6791f61d154360	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-052b-9500000000-a346a36e3dd0bea4abcc	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-056r-9000000000-6e1dd3cd14f2b116fa7c	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-004j-2900000000-42150530e3232b66059b	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-03di-9500000000-763d7b03787732284c19	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0bvi-9100000000-040569af699927ca6859	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-05ic-9800000000-3571d4f2ff79bc0d7fa0	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-052r-9400000000-3cb207fadbe1fcae5cb7	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0a4i-9100000000-8c900935a94065d0938b	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)		2016-10-22	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)		2016-10-22	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-24	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Feces
Placenta
Prostate
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

Placenta
Prostate

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0194740	Regucalcin	Unknown	Q15493	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195922	Probable gluconokinase	Enzyme	Q5T6J7	Homo sapiens

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0003828	Adenosine triphosphate	6-Phosphogluconic acid	Not Available	Diamine N-Acetyltransferase	VMH	10978316
MMDBr0007222	Gluconic acid	Gluconic acid	Not Available	D-gluconate transport via proton symport, reversible	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0007660	Adenosine triphosphate	6-Phosphogluconic acid	Not Available	Gluconokinase	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0007826	Gluconic acid	2-Dehydro-D-gluconate	Not Available	D-gluconate:NAPD oxidoreductase	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0008118	FAD	2-Dehydro-D-gluconate	Not Available	Gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor)	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0008286	Gluconic acid	2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate	Not Available	Gluconate dehydratase	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0008347	Gluconolactone	Gluconic acid	Not Available	D-Glucono-1,5-lactone lactonohydrolase	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0009020	Gluconic acid	Gluconic acid	Not Available	Assumed Passive Diffusion into Extracellular Space	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0019099	Hydrogen Ion	Gluconic acid	5-keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase	Reduction	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019100	Hydrogen Ion	Gluconic acid	2,3-diketo-L-gulonate reductase	Reduction	PathBank	31602464
MMDBr0019101	Gluconic acid	Hydrogen Ion	Thermosensitive gluconokinase	Phosphorylation	PathBank	31602464

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Schizophrenia	Slight Increase	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	24713860
Eosinophilic esophagitis		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Spirochaetes	2		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	234	Human ; Human feces; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human stool; Human sputum; Human subgingival plaque; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Human supragingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Fungi	Ascomycota	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Firmicutes	345	Human ; Human feces; Human supragingival plaque; Human saliva; Human sputum; Human urine; Pig ; Cattle ; Human subgingival plaque; Human stool; Human vaginal fluid; Human mucosa	Microbial culture; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	53	Human stool; Human feces; Human ; Human appendix biopsy	Microbial culture; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	3	Human feces; Human saliva	Microbial culture; Unknown
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	87	Human feces; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human ; Human supragingival plaque; Human saliva	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Synergistetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Fusobacteria	3	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Planctomycetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	1		Metabolic reconstruction

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Source Sub-type	Species	Data Source	Reference
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Animal	Milk	Bos taurus	FooDB	31437929
Food			FooDB	31437929

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	3.732	0.687			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Schizophrenia	HMDB	24713860
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	<5				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21359215
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	13.3		8.2	26.4	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	21.5		8.1	38.8	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	3.295	0.534			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24713860
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	35.0	29.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	65.277	47.794			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	63.463	28.036			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	45.49	24.12			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Zerihun T. Dame, Farid Aziat, Rupasri Mandal, Ram Krishnamurthy, Souhaila Bouatra, Shima Borzouie, An Chi Guo, Tanvir Sajed, Lu Deng, Hong Lin, Philip Liu, Edison Dong, David S. Wishart "The human saliva metabolome" Metabolomics (2015) DOI 10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Prostate	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000625

DrugBank ID

DB13180

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Gluconic_acid

METLIN ID

345

PubChem Compound

10690

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

33198

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Harkness RA, Purkiss P, Duffy S, Chalmers RA, Jones M: The effects of fetal energy depletion on amniotic fluid concentrations of amino acids, organic acids and related metabolites. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1988;11(1):103-13. doi: 10.1007/BF01800060. [PubMed:3128683 ]
Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
Rohatgi N, Nielsen TK, Bjorn SP, Axelsson I, Paglia G, Voldborg BG, Palsson BO, Rolfsson O: Biochemical characterization of human gluconokinase and the proposed metabolic impact of gluconic acid as determined by constraint based metabolic network analysis. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 4;9(6):e98760. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098760. eCollection 2014. [PubMed:24896608 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Showing metabocard for Gluconic acid (MMDBc0000124)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5a9c710ea0>

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Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f5a9c710ea0>

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