Record Information
Version1.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2020-10-27 23:36:47 UTC
Update Date2022-08-30 23:57:44 UTC
Metabolite IDMMDBc0000125
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDeoxycholic acid
DescriptionDeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid produced in the liver and is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, and depends only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487 , 16037564 , 12576301 , 11907135 ). When present in sufficiently high levels, deoxycholic acid can act as a hepatotoxin, a metabotoxin, and an oncometabolite. A hepatotoxin causes damage to the liver or liver cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. An oncometabolite is a compound, when present at chronically high levels, that promotes tumour growth and survival. Among the primary bile acids, cholic acid is considered to be the least hepatotoxic while deoxycholic acid is the most hepatoxic (PMID: 1641875 ). The liver toxicity of bile acids appears to be due to their ability to peroxidate lipids and to lyse liver cells. High bile acid levels lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, disruption of the cell membrane and mitochondria, induction of DNA damage, mutation and apoptosis, and the development of reduced apoptosis capability upon chronic exposure (PMID: 24884764 ). Chronically high levels of deoxycholic acid are associated with familial hypercholanemia. In hypercholanemia, bile acids, including deoxycholic acid, are elevated in the blood. This disease causes liver damage, extensive itching, poor fat absorption, and can lead to rickets due to lack of calcium in bones. The deficiency of normal bile acids in the intestines results in a deficiency of vitamin K, which also adversely affects clotting of the blood. The bile acid ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid) can improve symptoms associated with familial hypercholanemia. Chronically high levels of deoxycholic acid are also associated with several forms of cancer including colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and many other GI cancers.
Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
(3ALPHA,5ALPHA,12ALPHA)-3,12-DIHYDROXYCHOLAN-24-OIC ACIDChEBI
(3alpha,5beta,12alpha)-3,12-Dihydroxycholan-24-Oic acidChEBI
3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acidChEBI
7alpha-Deoxycholic acidChEBI
Desoxycholic acidChEBI
DesoxycholsaeureChEBI
DeoxycholateKegg
3alpha,12alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholanateKegg
(3a,5a,12a)-3,12-DIHYDROXYCHOLAN-24-OateGenerator
(3a,5a,12a)-3,12-DIHYDROXYCHOLAN-24-Oic acidGenerator
(3alpha,5alpha,12alpha)-3,12-DIHYDROXYCHOLAN-24-OateGenerator
(3Α,5α,12α)-3,12-dihydroxycholan-24-OateGenerator
(3Α,5α,12α)-3,12-dihydroxycholan-24-Oic acidGenerator
(3a,5b,12a)-3,12-Dihydroxycholan-24-OateGenerator
(3a,5b,12a)-3,12-Dihydroxycholan-24-Oic acidGenerator
(3alpha,5beta,12alpha)-3,12-Dihydroxycholan-24-OateGenerator
(3Α,5β,12α)-3,12-dihydroxycholan-24-OateGenerator
(3Α,5β,12α)-3,12-dihydroxycholan-24-Oic acidGenerator
3a,12a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanateGenerator
3a,12a-Dihydroxy-5b-cholanic acidGenerator
3Α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholanateGenerator
3Α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholanic acidGenerator
7a-DeoxycholateGenerator
7a-Deoxycholic acidGenerator
7alpha-DeoxycholateGenerator
7Α-deoxycholateGenerator
7Α-deoxycholic acidGenerator
DesoxycholateGenerator
5b-Cholanic acid-3a,12a-diolHMDB
5b-DeoxycholateHMDB
5b-Deoxycholic acidHMDB
7-DeoxycholateHMDB
7-Deoxycholic acidHMDB
CholerebicHMDB
CholorebicHMDB
DegalolHMDB
Deoxy-cholateHMDB
Deoxy-cholic acidHMDB
DeoxycholatateHMDB
Deoxycholatic acidHMDB
Acid, lagodeoxycholicHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, 5alpha isomerHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, sodium salt, 12beta-isomerHMDB
Lagodeoxycholic acidHMDB
Acid, choleicHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, 12beta isomerHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, 3beta-isomerHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, monoammonium saltHMDB
12beta-Isomer deoxycholic acidHMDB
3beta-Isomer deoxycholic acidHMDB
Acid, 5alpha-isomer deoxycholicHMDB
Acid, deoxycholicHMDB
Acid, desoxycholicHMDB
Deoxycholate, sodiumHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, 12beta-isomerHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, 5alpha-isomerHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, monopotassium saltHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, monosodium saltHMDB
5alpha-Isomer deoxycholic acidHMDB
Acid, dihydroxycholanoicHMDB
Choleic acidHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, 3beta isomerHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, disodium saltHMDB
Deoxycholic acid, magnesium (2:1) saltHMDB
Dihydroxycholanoic acidHMDB
Sodium deoxycholateHMDB
Molecular FormulaC24H40O4
Average Mass392.572
Monoisotopic Mass392.292659768
IUPAC Name(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid
Traditional Name(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanoic acid
CAS Registry Number83-44-3
SMILES
[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18-,19+,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1
InChI KeyKXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N