MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Mannitol (MMDBc0000153)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:37:48 UTC

Update Date

2024-10-06 23:18:38 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000153

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Mannitol

Description

Mannitol is a diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity. Chemically, mannitol is an alcohol and a sugar, or a polyol; it is similar to xylitol or sorbitol. However, mannitol has a tendency to lose a hydrogen ion in aqueous solutions, which causes the solution to become acidic. For this, it is not uncommon to add a substance to adjust its pH, such as sodium bicarbonate. Mannitol is a non-permeating molecule i.e. it cannot cross biological membranes. Mannitol or hexan-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol (C6H8(OH)6) is an osmotic diuretic agent and a weak renal vasodilator. It is a sorbitol isomer. Mannitol is found to be associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism. Mannitol is also a microbial metabolite found in Aspergillus, Candida, Clostridium, Gluconobacter, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pseudomonas, Rhodobacteraceae, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus, Torulaspora and Zymomonas (PMID: 15240312 ; PMID: 29480337 ).

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol	ChEBI
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol	ChEBI
D-(-)-Mannitol	ChEBI
Dulcite	ChEBI
e 421	ChEBI
e-421	ChEBI
e421	ChEBI
Manna sugar	ChEBI
Mannite	ChEBI
Osmitrol	ChEBI
D-Mannitol	Kegg
Tobrex	Kegg
Bronchitol	Kegg
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanehexol	HMDB
Cordycepate	HMDB
Cordycepic acid	HMDB
Diosmol	HMDB
Hexahydroxyhexane	HMDB
Hexanhexol	HMDB
Invenex	HMDB
Isotol	HMDB
Manicol	HMDB
Maniton S	HMDB
Maniton-S	HMDB
Mannazucker	HMDB
Mannidex	HMDB
Mannigen	HMDB
Mannistol	HMDB
Mannit	HMDB
Mannit p	HMDB
Mannogem 2080	HMDB
Marine crystal	HMDB
Mushroom sugar	HMDB
Osmofundin	HMDB
Osmosal	HMDB
Resectisol	HMDB
SDM No. 35	HMDB
(L)-Mannitol	HMDB
Mannitol	ChEBI

Molecular Formula

C₆H₁₄O₆

Average Mass

182.1718

Monoisotopic Mass

182.07903818

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

Not Available

CAS Registry Number

69-65-8

SMILES

Not Available

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1

InChI Key

FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Sugar alcohols

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Sugar alcohol
Monosaccharide
Secondary alcohol
Polyol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

mannitol (CHEBI:16899 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Membrane

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Epidermis
Feces
Placenta
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

Brain
Epidermis
Placenta

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0193419	Multidrug resistance protein 1	Transporter	P08183	Homo sapiens

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Reaction Type	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0003982	Mannitol	L-Sorbose	Not Available		VMH	6870831

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
Aids	Increased	Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	8748311
Alzheimer's disease		Association	Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	HMDB	8595727
Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency	Decreased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	7710082
Lung cancer		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	18953024
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency	Decreased	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	14988808
Uremia	Slight Increase	Association	Human Blood	HMDB	12675874
Eosinophilic esophagitis		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	10	Human ; Human mucosa; Human stool; Human supragingival plaque; Human feces; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria	Firmicutes	75	Human ; Human feces; Human supragingival plaque; Human urine; Human sputum; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque; Human vaginal fluid; Human mucosa; Goat feces; Sheep feces; Human stool	Microbial culture; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	15	Human saliva; Human ; Human stool; Human feces; Human urine; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	19	Human feces; Human saliva; Human supragingival plaque	Microbial culture
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	5	Human ; Human urine; Human feces	Microbial culture
Bacteria	Spirochaetes	2		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Deinococcus-thermus	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Chloroflexi	1		Microbial culture
Eukaryota/Fungi	Basidiomycota	2	Human feces

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Activity	Data Source	Reference
Not Available	Neurodevelopment effects	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Drugs	Antimicrobial	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Domestics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox
Cosmetics	Not Available	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	CompTox

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.63		1.14	2.12	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Cytochrome C oxidase deficiency	HMDB	7710082
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	4.61		3.3	5.92	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7710082
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	5.54	0.82			uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	8595727
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	5.6	1.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8595727
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	5.6	1.1			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	8595727
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	48.9		8.24	144	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	AIDS	HMDB	8748311
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	12097436
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	142.857	137.363			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Uremia	HMDB	12675874
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	<7.143				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12675874
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2		0	5	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency	HMDB	14988808
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	4.49				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18502700
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	41		0	486	umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Both	Lung cancer	HMDB	18953024
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21389975
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Cardiosvacular risk	HMDB	22887155
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Cryptosporidium infection	HMDB	22944170
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	32.4		5.2	85.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Bladder cancer	HMDB	28157703
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	34	18			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	4.8	2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	116.989	152.291			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	62.692	69.964			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	10.26	9.14			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	120		0	245	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	48.9		8.24	144	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	AIDS	HMDB	8748311
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	5.54	0.82			uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	8595727
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	5.6	1.1			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	8595727
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.63		1.14	2.12	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Cytochrome C oxidase deficiency	HMDB	7710082
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	41.0		0.0	486.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Both	Lung cancer	HMDB	18953024
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.0		0.0	5.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency	HMDB	14988808
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	142.857	137.363			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Uremia	HMDB	12675874
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	4.49				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18502700
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	<7.143				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12675874
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	32.4		5.2	85.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	4.61		3.30	5.92	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7710082
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	5.6	1.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8595727
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	116.989	152.291			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	62.692	69.964			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	10.26	9.14			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	120.0		0.0	245.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	34.0	18.0			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	4.8	2.0			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Brain	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Epidermis	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21389975
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	12097436
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000765

DrugBank ID

DB00742

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Mannitol

METLIN ID

142

PubChem Compound

6251

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

16899

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Wang YM, van Eys J: Nutritional significance of fructose and sugar alcohols. Annu Rev Nutr. 1981;1:437-75. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nu.01.070181.002253. [PubMed:6821187 ]
Shetty HU, Holloway HW, Rapoport SI: Capillary gas chromatography combined with ion trap detection for quantitative profiling of polyols in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Anal Biochem. 1995 Jan 1;224(1):279-85. doi: 10.1006/abio.1995.1041. [PubMed:7710082 ]
Megson GM, Stevens DA, Hamilton JR, Denning DW: D-mannitol in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis. J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Jan;34(1):218-21. doi: 10.1128/jcm.34.1.218-221.1996. [PubMed:8748311 ]
Zunkeler B, Carson RE, Olson J, Blasberg RG, DeVroom H, Lutz RJ, Saris SC, Wright DC, Kammerer W, Patronas NJ, Dedrick RL, Herscovitch P, Oldfield EH: Quantification and pharmacokinetics of blood-brain barrier disruption in humans. J Neurosurg. 1996 Dec;85(6):1056-65. doi: 10.3171/jns.1996.85.6.1056. [PubMed:8929495 ]
Kiyoshima A, Kudo K, Hino Y, Ikeda N: Sensitive and simple determination of mannitol in human brain tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Jul 5;758(1):103-8. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00145-1. [PubMed:11482728 ]
Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Improving clinical outcomes from acute subdural hematomas with the emergency preoperative administration of high doses of mannitol: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2001 Oct;49(4):864-71. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200110000-00016. [PubMed:11564247 ]
Tang H, Blankschtein D, Langer R: Effects of low-frequency ultrasound on the transdermal permeation of mannitol: comparative studies with in vivo and in vitro skin. J Pharm Sci. 2002 Aug;91(8):1776-94. doi: 10.1002/jps.10164. [PubMed:12115805 ]
Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of mannitol for intraparenchymal temporal lobe hemorrhages with abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2002 Sep;51(3):628-37; discussion 637-8. [PubMed:12188940 ]
Dreher F, Patouillet C, Fouchard F, Zanini M, Messager A, Roguet R, Cottin M, Leclaire J, Benech-Kieffer F: Improvement of the experimental setup to assess cutaneous bioavailability on human skin models: dynamic protocol. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2002;15 Suppl 1:31-9. doi: 10.1159/000066683. [PubMed:12476007 ]
Polderman KH, van de Kraats G, Dixon JM, Vandertop WP, Girbes AR: Increases in spinal fluid osmolarity induced by mannitol. Crit Care Med. 2003 Feb;31(2):584-90. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000050287.68977.84. [PubMed:12576970 ]
Graefe H, Gutschow B, Gehring H, Dibbelt L: Sensitive and specific photometric determination of mannitol in human serum. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Aug;41(8):1049-55. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2003.162. [PubMed:12964813 ]
Zhao G, Wang CY, Wang F, Xiong JX: Clinical study on nutrition support in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Sep;9(9):2105-8. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i9.2105. [PubMed:12970916 ]
Koskela HO, Hyvarinen L, Brannan JD, Chan HK, Anderson SD: Sensitivity and validity of three bronchial provocation tests to demonstrate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Chest. 2003 Oct;124(4):1341-9. doi: 10.1378/chest.124.4.1341. [PubMed:14555564 ]
Barben J, Roberts M, Chew N, Carlin JB, Robertson CF: Repeatability of bronchial responsiveness to mannitol dry powder in children with asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003 Dec;36(6):490-4. doi: 10.1002/ppul.10378. [PubMed:14618640 ]
Keating FK, Sobel BE, Schneider DJ: Effects of increased concentrations of glucose on platelet reactivity in healthy subjects and in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2003 Dec 1;92(11):1362-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.08.033. [PubMed:14636925 ]
Koskela HO, Hyvarinen L, Brannan JD, Chan HK, Anderson SD: Responsiveness to three bronchial provocation tests in patients with asthma. Chest. 2003 Dec;124(6):2171-7. doi: 10.1378/chest.124.6.2171. [PubMed:14665497 ]
Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K, Facco E: Successful use of the new high-dose mannitol treatment in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3 and bilateral abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. J Neurosurg. 2004 Mar;100(3):376-83. doi: 10.3171/jns.2004.100.3.0376. [PubMed:15035271 ]
Kiyoshima A, Kudo K, Goto Y, Tobimatsu S, Ikeda N: Changes of the cerebral mannitol concentrations in the course of brain death of a rodent model. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2004 Apr;6(2):117-24. doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2003.11.003. [PubMed:15039055 ]
Koskela HO, Hyvarinen L, Brannan JD, Chan HK, Anderson SD: Coughing during mannitol challenge is associated with asthma. Chest. 2004 Jun;125(6):1985-92. doi: 10.1378/chest.125.6.1985. [PubMed:15189912 ]
Schramm-Baxter J, Mitragotri S: Needle-free jet injections: dependence of jet penetration and dispersion in the skin on jet power. J Control Release. 2004 Jul 7;97(3):527-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.04.006. [PubMed:15212884 ]
Wisselink HW, Mars AE, van der Meer P, Eggink G, Hugenholtz J: Metabolic engineering of mannitol production in Lactococcus lactis: influence of overexpression of mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase in different genetic backgrounds. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jul;70(7):4286-92. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4286-4292.2004. [PubMed:15240312 ]
Rikitake Y, Liao JK: Rho-kinase mediates hyperglycemia-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells. Circulation. 2005 Jun 21;111(24):3261-8. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.534024. Epub 2005 Jun 13. [PubMed:15956119 ]
Wakai A, Roberts I, Schierhout G: Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Oct 19;(4):CD001049. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001049.pub2. [PubMed:16235278 ]
Ware ML, Nemani VM, Meeker M, Lee C, Morabito DJ, Manley GT: Effects of 23.4% sodium chloride solution in reducing intracranial pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. Neurosurgery. 2005 Oct;57(4):727-36; discussion 727-36. [PubMed:16239885 ]
Lee J, Chung BC: Simultaneous measurement of urinary polyols using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Feb 2;831(1-2):126-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.11.043. Epub 2005 Dec 13. [PubMed:16356788 ]
Roberts I, Smith R, Evans S: Doubts over head injury studies. BMJ. 2007 Feb 24;334(7590):392-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39118.480023.BE. [PubMed:17322250 ]
Song SH, Vieille C: Recent advances in the biological production of mannitol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 Aug;84(1):55-62. doi: 10.1007/s00253-009-2086-5. Epub 2009 Jul 4. [PubMed:19578847 ]
Zhang M, Gu L, Cheng C, Ma J, Xin F, Liu J, Wu H, Jiang M: Recent advances in microbial production of mannitol: utilization of low-cost substrates, strain development and regulation strategies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Feb 26;34(3):41. doi: 10.1007/s11274-018-2425-8. [PubMed:29480337 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Showing metabocard for Mannitol (MMDBc0000153)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fdb3cefb568>