MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Kynurenic acid (MMDBc0000536)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-12-10 18:39:59 UTC

Update Date

2024-10-13 13:20:27 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000536

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Kynurenic acid

Description

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a well-known endogenous antagonist of the glutamate ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alphaamino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid and kainate receptors and of the nicotine cholinergic subtype alpha 7 receptors. KYNA neuroprotective and anticonvulsive activities have been demonstrated in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Because of KYNA's neuromodulatory character, its involvement has been speculatively linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological conditions including those in the ageing process. Different patterns of abnormalities in various stages of KYNA metabolism in the CNS have been reported in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. In HIV-1-infected patients and in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis a marked rise of KYNA metabolism was seen. In the ageing process KYNA metabolism in the CNS of rats shows a characteristic pattern of changes throughout the life span. A marked increase of the KYNA content in the CNS occurs before the birth, followed by a dramatic decline on the day of birth. A low activity was seen during ontogenesis, and a slow and progressive enhancement occurs during maturation and ageing. This remarkable profile of KYNA metabolism alterations in the mammalian brain has been suggested to result from the development of the organisation of neuronal connections and synaptic plasticity, development of receptor recognition sites, maturation and ageing. There is significant evidence that KYNA can improve cognition and memory, but it has also been demonstrated that it interferes with working memory. Impairment of cognitive function in various neurodegenerative disorders is accompanied by profound reduction and/or elevation of KYNA metabolism. The view that enhancement of CNS KYNA levels could underlie cognitive decline is supported by the increased KYNA metabolism in Alzheimer's disease, by the increased KYNA metabolism in down's syndrome and the enhancement of KYNA function during the early stage of Huntington's disease. Kynurenic acid is the only endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist identified up to now, that mediates glutamatergic hypofunction. Schizophrenia is a disorder of dopaminergic neurotransmission, but modulation of the dopaminergic system by glutamatergic neurotransmission seems to play a key role. Despite the NMDA receptor antagonism, kynurenic acid also blocks, in lower doses, the nicotinergic acetycholine receptor, i.e., increased kynurenic acid levels can explain psychotic symptoms and cognitive deterioration. Kynurenic acid levels are described to be higher in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in critical central nervous system (CNS) regions of schizophrenics as compared to controls. (PMID: 17062375 , 16088227 ). KYNA has also been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821 ).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

  Mrv1652305271900172D          

 14 15  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   15.0250   -4.1869    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   15.0250   -3.3274    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.2780   -4.6098    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.2780   -2.9045    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.5407   -4.1691    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.5407   -3.3452    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.1127   -4.1691    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.8267   -4.5810    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.1127   -3.3452    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.8267   -2.9319    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.8267   -5.4062    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.3987   -2.9319    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.6847   -3.3452    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.3987   -2.1081    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  1  2  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  3  5  2  0  0  0  0
  6  4  2  0  0  0  0
  8  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  9  2  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  5  8  1  0  0  0  0
  6 10  1  0  0  0  0
  8 11  2  0  0  0  0
  9 12  1  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
 12 13  1  0  0  0  0
 12 14  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
MMDBc0000536

> <DATABASE_NAME>
MIME

> <SMILES>
OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C10H7NO3/c12-9-5-8(10(13)14)11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9/h1-5H,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)

> <INCHI_KEY>
HCZHHEIFKROPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C10H7NO3

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
189.1675

> <EXACT_MASS>
189.042593095

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
21

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
18.04775467429836

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
1

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
1.16

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
1.5775564513333333

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-2.30

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
2

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA>
11.430451481237121

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
3.1660666326673232

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-4.369517156660836

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
66.4

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
52.324000000000005

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
9.54e-01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
acid, kynurenic

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      28.047  -7.816   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      28.047  -6.211   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      26.652  -8.605   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      26.652  -5.422   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      25.276  -7.782   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      25.276  -6.244   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0      22.610  -7.782   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0      23.943  -8.551   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0      22.610  -6.244   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  N   UNK     0      23.943  -5.473   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0      23.943 -10.092   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0      21.278  -5.473   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   13  O   UNK     0      19.945  -6.244   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   14  O   UNK     0      21.278  -3.935   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    3                                                       
CONECT    2    1    4                                                       
CONECT    3    1    5                                                       
CONECT    4    2    6                                                       
CONECT    5    3    6    8                                                  
CONECT    6    4    5   10                                                  
CONECT    7    8    9                                                       
CONECT    8    7    5   11                                                  
CONECT    9    7   12   10                                                  
CONECT   10    6    9                                                       
CONECT   11    8                                                            
CONECT   12    9   13   14                                                  
CONECT   13   12                                                            
CONECT   14   12                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   14    0   30    0
END

Synonyms

Value	Source
4-Hydroxy-2-chinolincarbonsaeure	ChEBI
4-Hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid	ChEBI
4-Hydroxyquinaldic acid	ChEBI
4-Hydroxyquinaldinic acid	ChEBI
Kynurenate	ChEBI
Kynurensaeure	ChEBI
4-Hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylate	Generator
4-Hydroxyquinaldate	Generator
4-Hydroxyquinaldinate	Generator
2-Carboxy-4-hydroxyquinoline	HMDB
4-Hydroxy-quinaldate	HMDB
4-Hydroxy-quinaldic acid	HMDB
4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylate	HMDB
4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid	HMDB
Quinurenic acid	HMDB
Acid, kynurenic	MeSH, HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₁₀H₇NO₃

Average Mass

189.1675

Monoisotopic Mass

189.042593095

IUPAC Name

4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid

Traditional Name

acid, kynurenic

CAS Registry Number

Not Available

SMILES

OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C10H7NO3/c12-9-5-8(10(13)14)11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9/h1-5H,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)

InChI Key

HCZHHEIFKROPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Functional Ontology

Physical Properties

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0159-1985000000-f1c74ffc481c3d0faaa2	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-0159-3895000000-6ba2750c5a9d9754abcc	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0159-0498000000-3db9df2c3d8456d7ba63	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0159-1985000000-f1c74ffc481c3d0faaa2	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0159-3895000000-6ba2750c5a9d9754abcc	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0159-1895000000-e25b66b0b42d1928cc67	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-02ga-1900000000-8c67ab2acdc02b88af2b	2016-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-9740000000-a7c5c056d48055e0d44f	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-0900000000-7a5c54ced5b83f291e67	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-0900000000-e6b451ee354ed2717160	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-9500000000-887e5157431b2908f31e	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-0006-1900000000-06f7059894cc245cb344	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-89a88f44f08b8b68d5c1	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive	splash10-014l-0900000000-3a256522dd8694fe04c0	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negative	splash10-000f-0900000000-a4b194b85fef656b9b65	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-7862c532805b6036dc67	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-5fe3171fdaece30b78c8	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-df3b5b36289798800ad8	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-d4c11672b9479b2cd4b6	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-89a88f44f08b8b68d5c1	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-9c26ffa9c04aa03d60f5	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-6a8662ef19d900499a55	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-d69a430b0eb34f38ad54	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-0006-0900000000-d0ef7c769d4985e85667	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-01ox-0900000000-2a593c8017254be4a387	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-01ox-0900000000-59f3559c0b95c9411d2c	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-02tc-0900000000-57dbbfb8e12c60951d77	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0006-0900000000-878dcda0ee5ec971fa72	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0006-0900000000-92fe5294ec4a771f14e0	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-1900000000-fa8b36fb6db8e403b711	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-0900000000-9cede81ef6dfc45f5f7a	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-000f-0900000000-0d5cf046565b518442d5	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-2900000000-2c420ff1e59666527005	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, DMSO-d6, experimental)		2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)		2016-10-22	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)		2016-10-22	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Human Pathways

Metabolic Reactions

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Microbial Sources

Exposure Sources

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified									HMDB
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	1.23		0.18	8.40	uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Anemia	HMDB	12964115
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.05		0.02	0.10	uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Convulsions	HMDB	12964115
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.05		0.01	0.25	uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Malaria	HMDB	12964115
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.06		0.06	0.07	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Malaria	HMDB	11865422
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.21		0.2	0.3	uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Malaria	HMDB	12964115
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.00133	0.00009			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Schizophrenia	HMDB	26952797
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.07		0.0	34.1	uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Tuberculous meningitis	HMDB	12964115
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.80	0.40			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	uremia	HMDB	22626821
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	<5.291				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12675874
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.001		0.0009	0.0011	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16434056
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.00106	0.00007			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	26952797
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0019		0.0017	0.0021	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	16434056
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.0040	0.00014			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	16088227
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.023	0.010			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8634758
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.03	0.007			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22626821
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.07		0.06	0.08	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	11865422
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.62	0.86	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.73	1.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.6		0.8	4.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.6		0.9	4.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.881	0.513			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	20.976	3.813			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.508				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.232	0.546			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.34	0.30			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.53		0.66	4.13	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Brain	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Epidermis	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Fibroblasts	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Prostate	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22827565
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22148915
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

References

General References

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Showing metabocard for Kynurenic acid (MMDBc0000536)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007fb7a3a8cdb8>