Record Information
Version1.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2022-04-29 22:46:33 UTC
Update Date2022-09-01 02:17:26 UTC
Metabolite IDMMDBc0049932
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCarbamate
DescriptionCarbamic acid is occasionally found as carbamate in workers exposed to pesticides. Carbamates, particularly carbofuran, seem to be more associated with exuberant and diversified symptomatology of pesticide exposure than organophosphates. Neurological symptoms occur among farmers occupationally exposed to acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides such as carbamates. Carbamic acid products of several amines, such as beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), ethylenediamine, and L-cysteine have been implicated in toxicity. Studies suggested that a significant portion of amino-compounds in biological samples (that naturally contain CO2/bicarbonate) can be present as a carbamic acid. The formation of carbamate glucuronide metabolites has been described for numerous pharmaceuticals and they have been identified in all of the species commonly used in drug metabolism studies (rat, dog, mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, and human). There has been no obvious species specificity for their formation and no preference for 1 or 2 degree amines. Many biological reactions have also been described in the literature that involve the reaction of CO2 with amino groups of biomolecules. For example, CO2 generated from cellular respiration is expired in part through the reversible formation of a carbamate between CO2 and the -amino groups of the alpha and beta-chains of hemoglobin. Glucuronidation is an important mechanism used by mammalian systems to clear and eliminate both endogenous and foreign chemicals. Many functional groups are susceptible to conjugation with glucuronic acid, including hydroxyls, phenols, carboxyls, activated carbons, thiols, amines, and selenium. Primary and secondary amines can also react with carbon dioxide (CO2) via a reversible reaction to form a carbamic acid. The carbamic acid is also a substrate for glucuronidation and results in a stable carbamate glucuronide metabolite. The detection and characterization of these products has been facilitated greatly by the advent of soft ionization mass spectrometry techniques and high field NMR instrumentation. (PMID: 16268118 , 17168688 , 12929145 ).
Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
AminoameisensaeureChEBI
Aminoformic acidChEBI
CarbamateChEBI
CarbamidsaeureChEBI
AminoformateGenerator
Carbamate ionHMDB
Chlorphenesin carbamateHMDB
MaolateHMDB
Calcium carbamateMeSH, HMDB
Carbamic acid, potassium saltMeSH, HMDB
Carbamic acid, sodium saltMeSH, HMDB
Sodium carbamateMeSH, HMDB
Ammonium carbamateMeSH, HMDB
Carbamic acid, ammonia saltMeSH, HMDB
Carbamic acid, calcium saltMeSH, HMDB
Potassium carbamateMeSH, HMDB
Molecular FormulaCH3NO2
Average Mass61.04
Monoisotopic Mass61.016378345
IUPAC Namecarbamic acid
Traditional Namecarbamic acid
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
NC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)
InChI KeyKXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N