MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Succinic acid (MMDBc0000087)

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Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:29:54 UTC

Update Date

2024-09-28 02:37:09 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000087

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Succinic acid

Description

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. The anion, succinate, is a component of the citric acid or TCA cycle and is capable of donating electrons to the electron transfer chain. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) plays an important role in mitochondrial function, being both part of the respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. SDH with a covalently attached FAD prosthetic group, is able to bind several different enzyme substrates (succinate and fumarate) and physiological regulators (oxaloacetate and ATP). Oxidizing succinate links SDH to the fast-cycling Krebs cycle portion where it participates in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA throughout the entire Krebs cycle. Succinate can readily be imported into the mitochondrial matrix by the n-butylmalonate- (or phenylsuccinate-) sensitive dicarboxylate carrier in exchange with inorganic phosphate or another organic acid, e. g. malate (PMID 16143825 ). Mutations in the four genes encoding the subunits of the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, i.e.: Huntington's disease (PMID 11803021 ). Moreover, succinic acid is found to be associated with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Succinic acid has recently been identified as an oncometabolite or an endogenous, cancer causing metabolite. High levels of this organic acid can be found in tumors or biofluids surrounding tumors. Its oncogenic action appears to due to its ability to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase-containing enzymes. In many tumours, oxygen availability becomes limited (hypoxia) very quickly due to rapid cell proliferation and limited blood vessel growth. The major regulator of the response to hypoxia is the HIF transcription factor (HIF-alpha). Under normal oxygen levels, protein levels of HIF-alpha are very low due to constant degradation, mediated by a series of post-translational modification events catalyzed by the prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes PHD1, 2 and 3, (also known as EglN2, 1 and 3) that hydroxylate HIF-alpha and lead to its degradation. All three of the PHD enzymes are inhibited by succinate. Succinic acid is found to be associated with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Succinic acid is also a microbial metabolite, urinary succinic acid is produced by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter frundii, Enterococcus faecalis (PMID: 22292465 ). Succinic acid is also found in Actinobacillus, Anaerobiospirillum, Mannheimia, Corynebacterium and Basfia (PMID: 22292465 ; PMID: 18191255 ; PMID: 26360870 ).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid	ChEBI
Acide butanedioique	ChEBI
Acide succinique	ChEBI
Acidum succinicum	ChEBI
Amber acid	ChEBI
Asuccin	ChEBI
Bernsteinsaeure	ChEBI
Butandisaeure	ChEBI
Butanedionic acid	ChEBI
Dihydrofumaric acid	ChEBI
e363	ChEBI
Ethylenesuccinic acid	ChEBI
HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH	ChEBI
Spirit OF amber	ChEBI
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate	Generator
Butanedionate	Generator
Dihydrofumarate	Generator
Ethylenesuccinate	Generator
Succinate	Generator
1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic acid	MeSH
1,4 Butanedioic acid	MeSH
1,4-Butanedioic acid	MeSH
Ammonium succinate	MeSH
Butanedioic acid	MeSH
Potassium succinate	MeSH
Succinate, ammonium	MeSH
Succinate, potassium	MeSH
1,4-Butanedioate	HMDB
Katasuccin	HMDB
Wormwood acid	HMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose	ChEBI, HMDB
D-GlcNAc	ChEBI, HMDB
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine	ChEBI, HMDB
N-Acetylchitosamine	ChEBI, HMDB
N Acetyl D glucosamine	HMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucose	HMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucose	HMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucose	HMDB
Acetylglucosamine	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₄H₆O₄

Average Mass

118.088

Monoisotopic Mass

118.02660868

IUPAC Name

butanedioic acid

Traditional Name

succinic acid

CAS Registry Number

110-15-6

SMILES

OC(=O)CCC(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)

InChI Key

KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Functional Ontology

Physical Properties

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0002-0920000000-f286e6204a4163b823ba	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-bf336910bb37d7f78140	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-006t-9800000000-df5ff4e8457d2d4ef919	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-00c1-3930000000-3cc18e719822b5af661a	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-004i-9000000000-93b4807ae6275a3e59d7	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0kos-9100000000-f1df0903a24c305e68ec	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0910000000-300c33b39fb991b5a73e	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0920000000-f286e6204a4163b823ba	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-bf336910bb37d7f78140	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-006t-9800000000-df5ff4e8457d2d4ef919	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00c1-3930000000-3cc18e719822b5af661a	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0900000000-f838d863ee7c2b111f02	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00xr-9300000000-f0644daf4fbb11fcc2dc	2016-09-22	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00dj-9710000000-ff8325384b9eefd19106	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9300000000-f9dc864d93a09d3074f9	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-00di-9300000000-76c151de384928b2256f	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-01b9-7900000000-51d2341c097f04827944	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (Unknown) , Positive	splash10-004i-9000000000-93b4807ae6275a3e59d7	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03dj-0971010000-37d214dc7a8fdc26116b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-014i-9000000000-249222ac742c1634cec9	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-6897d49472dba6a34a27	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0udi-0490000000-d138f8023125921b4b82	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-014i-1900000000-4ffdabe5bde527b66982	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-00di-9100000000-c20baa818f5ff5f678c1	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-7a49a18aa6fcb2540a12	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-9955aeb0e5a9f88ae70e	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-7e1f195f111b4eafb4fa	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-00xr-9400000000-e50afc90e20cd420ba9b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-00xr-9600000000-43167f2549cbb5d5f7e8	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-014i-1900000000-4ffdabe5bde527b66982	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9100000000-7a8bfa543dc087bea06d	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-fdec6c7458176f3cbeb8	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-00di-9000000000-9955aeb0e5a9f88ae70e	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0gb9-2900000000-9d959a53833b07094158	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0l6r-9600000000-c367e11e737714d41418	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-056r-9000000000-e65aa602a8293debec36	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-014i-2900000000-e1f840494c9003279869	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-014i-7900000000-1089efd4a3469bcf14f1	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0604-9000000000-0e0e60bb202ffb004894	2016-09-12	View Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-05di-9100000000-c629bea41d0d3d896425	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, experimental)		2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 22.53 MHz, DMSO-d6, experimental)		2014-09-23	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)		2016-10-22	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)		2021-09-29	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0191792	Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q99643	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191821	Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial	Unknown	P31040	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191850	Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial	Unknown	O14521	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191864	Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial	Unknown	P21912	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191919	Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	Unknown	P51649	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191940	Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal	Unknown	O14832	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191972	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2	Enzyme	O15460	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0191974	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1	Enzyme	P13674	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192049	Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase	Unknown	O75936	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192119	Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1	Unknown	Q02809	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192120	Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2	Unknown	O00469	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192121	Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3	Unknown	O60568	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192351	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial	Enzyme	P55809	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192353	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 2, mitochondrial	Enzyme	Q9BYC2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192507	Succinyl-CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial	Unknown	P53597	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192509	Succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q96I99	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192583	Succinyl-CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q9P2R7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192633	Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase	Unknown	Q12797	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0192634	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor	Unknown	Q9NWT6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193150	Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier	Enzyme	Q9UBX3	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193541	Solute carrier family 13 member 3	Unknown	Q8WWT9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193705	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 6	Unknown	O14756	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193768	Solute carrier family 13 member 1	Unknown	Q9BZW2	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193882	Solute carrier family 13 member 2	Unknown	Q13183	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0193925	Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial	Unknown	Q9NVH6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195435	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 2	Unknown	Q6NS38	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195448	Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1	Unknown	Q32P28	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195449	Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2	Unknown	Q8IVL5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195450	Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3	Unknown	Q8IVL6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195859	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-3	Enzyme	Q7Z4N8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195895	Lysine-specific demethylase 2A	Enzyme	Q9Y2K7	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195896	Lysine-specific demethylase 2B	Enzyme	Q8NHM5	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195916	Egl nine homolog 1	Enzyme	Q9GZT9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195917	Egl nine homolog 2	Enzyme	Q96KS0	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195918	Egl nine homolog 3	Enzyme	Q9H6Z9	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195919	Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase	Enzyme	Q9NXG6	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0196686	Alkylated DNA repair protein alkB homolog 1	Unknown	Q13686
MMDBp0196862	Lysine-specific demethylase 8	Unknown	Q8N371
MMDBp0196886	Bifunctional lysine-specific demethylase and histidyl-hydroxylase MINA	Unknown	Q8IUF8
MMDBp0196914	Bifunctional lysine-specific demethylase and histidyl-hydroxylase NO66	Unknown	Q9H6W3
MMDBp0196925	Histone lysine demethylase PHF8	Unknown	Q9UPP1
MMDBp0196987	Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1	Unknown	Q8NFU7
MMDBp0196988	Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2	Unknown	Q6N021
MMDBp0196989	Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3	Unknown	O43151

Human Pathways

Metabolic Reactions

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Eukaryota	Euglenozoa	2		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Spirochaetes	10	Human feces; Human	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	811	Human ; Human feces; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Human sputum; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human stool; Goat feces; Sheep feces; Human unknown; Pig ; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human nasal swab; Cattle ; River trout ; Rat ; Turkey ; Sheep ; Dog ; Chicken ; American dog tick ; Lion ; Human supragingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	837	Human ; Human feces; Human stool; Human saliva; Human subgingival plaque; Human supragingival plaque; Human urine; Human sputum; Human vaginal fluid; Human pleural fluid plaque; Pig ; Human mucosa; Cattle	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction; Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	314	Human ; Human urine; Human feces; Human saliva; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human sputum; Human bronchial brush; Human nasopharyngeal swab; Human pleural fluid plaque; Human dental plaque; Human subgingival plaque; Cattle	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Fusobacteria	39	Human feces; Human	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	275	Human feces; Human appendix biopsy; Human stool; Human ; Human mucosa; Human supragingival plaque; Human gastric fluid; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva; Human sputum; Human urine	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota	Euglenozoa	2	Goat blood	Microbial culture
Bacteria	Deferribacteres	1		Microbial culture
Bacteria	Synergistetes	8	Human ; Human feces	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Chloroflexi	9		Microbial culture
Eukaryota/Fungi	Ascomycota	36	Human feces; Human saliva; Human supragingival plaque	Microbial culture; Unknown
Bacteria	Verrucomicrobia	3	Human ; Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Thaumarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Euryarchaeota	10		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Candidatus melainabacteria	2	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Planctomycetes	3	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea	Crenarchaeota	2		Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Tenericutes	4	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Deinococcus-thermus	4
Bacteria	nah	2
Eukaryota/Fungi	Basidiomycota	3	Human feces
Archaea/Archaea	Euryarchaeota	11		Metabolic reconstruction
Archaea/Archaea	Crenarchaeota	8		Metabolic reconstruction
Eukaryota/Fungi	Chytridiomycota	1
Bacteria	Acidobacteria	3
Bacteria	Aquificae	4
Bacteria	Chlamydiae	10	Human ; Sheep ; Cat
Bacteria	Chlorobi	11
Bacteria	Gemmatimonadetes	1
Bacteria	Cyanobacteria	1

Exposure Sources

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1268322
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			75	185	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency	HMDB	1640293
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<76				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	1640293
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	12.6	12.13			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.5		0.5	16	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2702744
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	50				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency	HMDB	3709568
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.787				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.667				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	86.168				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.915	71.807	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	6774165
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19		0	38	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Canavan Disease	HMDB	7729054
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7729054
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.7		1.9	20	umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	197.2		29.4	486.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	185.4		6	342.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	11.6		4	27.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	3	2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8412012
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	150	110			uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	9693263
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	55		19	91	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	9693263
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	43.35	25.08			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Malnutrition (type kwashiorkor and marasmus)	HMDB	10731506
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.48	3.2			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	10731506
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	16		0	32	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11067816
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.25		0.5	16	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11067816
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			749	784	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	11999977
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	2260		60	4460	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12097436
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.6	3.8			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15992788
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Crohn's disease	HMDB	17269711
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.9	5			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.4	4.9			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18052033
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18085514
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	3	2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18502700
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	47.2				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18953024
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9	6			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lung cancer	HMDB	18953024
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			4	145	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			1	33	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14		2	112	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9		1	78	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	21		<1	66	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9		<1	54	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	132.528	151.836			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	1633.528	1822.37			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	23.5				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21359215
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.3				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21388201
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21389975
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Irritable bowel syndrome	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	HMDB	21761941
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Genetically At-Risk of celiac disease	HMDB	22432018
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	4.3 (1.6)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Early preeclampsia	HMDB	22494326
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	12.4 (13.9)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	22494326
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22932811
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Cryptosporidium infection	HMDB	22944170
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Epithelial ovarian cancer	HMDB	23163809
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.3 (5.6)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Down syndrome pregnancy	HMDB	23313728
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.6 (12.5)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23313728
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	6.5	10.83			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23535240
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	6.9	6.33			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy with fetuses with trisomy 18	HMDB	23535240
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.2		2.5	13.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.7		1.1	14.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6		0.3	33.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	8.4	2.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	15				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency	HMDB	24341803
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<97				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	24341803
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	3.35 (1.78)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy with fetus having congenital heart defect	HMDB	24704061
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	3.31 (1.13)				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	24704061
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	110				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25012580
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	25037050
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	25105552
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25670064
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25985090
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	141.698				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Fumarase deficiency	HMDB	26078636
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<335.0976				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	26078636
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	222				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	250				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	255				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Sweat	Detected but not Quantified						Adult	Both	Normal	HMDB	26755145
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.4	2.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.4	1.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	27015276
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal Cancer	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal Cancer	HMDB	27275383
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Crohns disease	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Ulcerative colitis	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Unclassified IBD	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Bladder cancer	HMDB	28157703
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	28157703
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Gout	HMDB	28270806
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	28270806
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Attachment loss	HMDB	31026179
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Missing teeth	HMDB	31026179
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Periodontal Probing Depth	HMDB	31026179
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			9	360	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31506554
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.4	9.2			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31775291
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			11.9	24.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			15.7	69.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			20.2	49.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			22	42	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			4.35	81.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.99		5.66	67.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.76		3.97	85.17	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27065191
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			6.1	11.5	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	8.8	2.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	28.5		24	33	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	15.6	27.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	125.15	180.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	15	15.5			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9.03	5.22			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	24.3	20.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	163.491	191.759			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	467.612	705.456			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	530.857	876.714			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.581	9.663			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	27.897	29.998			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.8		1.25	6.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.1				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Shaykhutdinov RA, MacInnis GD, Dowlatabadi R, Weljie AM, Vogel HJ. Quantitative analysis of metabolite concentrations in human urine samples using 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics. 2009
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome	HMDB	Christopher W. ArmstrongNeil R. McGregorDonald P. LewisHenry L. ButtPaul R. Gooley. The association of fecal microbiota and fecal, blood serum and urine metabolites in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Metabolomics. January 2017, 13:8
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Christopher W. ArmstrongNeil R. McGregorDonald P. LewisHenry L. ButtPaul R. Gooley. The association of fecal microbiota and fecal, blood serum and urine metabolites in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Metabolomics. January 2017, 13:8
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Mette S. SchmedesChristian C et al. Impact of a 6-week very low-calorie diet and weight reduction on the serum and fecal metabolome of overweight subjects. European Food Research and Technology. March 2015, Volume 240, Issue 3, pp 583–594
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			75	185	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	2-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex deficiency	HMDB	1640293
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	55.0		19.0	91.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	HMDB	9693263
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19.0		0.0	38.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Canavan Disease	HMDB	7729054
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.787				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.667				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	86.168				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			749	784	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria	HMDB	11999977
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	4.3	1.6			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Early preeclampsia	HMDB	22494326
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	141.698				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Fumarase deficiency	HMDB	26078636
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	15				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Lipoyltransferase 1 Deficiency	HMDB	24341803
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.0	6.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Lung cancer	HMDB	18953024
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	50				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency	HMDB	3709568
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	12.4	13.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	22494326
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	3.31	1.13			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	24704061
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	5.6	12.5			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23313728
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	6.50	10.83			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Pregnancy	HMDB	23535240
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.3				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21388201
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	19				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7729054
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	23.5				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21359215
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	47.2				uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18953024
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	110				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25012580
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	222				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	250				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	255				nmol/g wet feces	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	26416813
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<335.0976				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	26078636
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<76				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	1640293
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<97				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	24341803
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			1	33	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.4	1.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.4	2.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.915	71.807	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	6774165
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	11.6		4.0	27.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			11.9	24.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	12.60	12.13			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	132.528	151.836			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	14		2	112	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.4	4.9			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.48	3.20			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	10731506
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			15.7	69.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	150.0	110.0			uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	9693263
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	16.0		0.00	32.0	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11067816
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.76		3.97	85.17	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	16.99		5.66	67.50	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	1633.528	1822.370			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	185.4		6.0	342.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	197.2		29.4	486.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			20.2	49.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	21		<1	66	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			22.0	42.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	2260		60.0	4460	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	12097436
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	3	2			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18502700
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	3.0	2.0			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8412012
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified			4	145	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			4.35	81.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32340350
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.7		1.1	14.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.6	3.8			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	15992788
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.0		0.3	33.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	6.2		2.5	13.5	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.5		0.5	16	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2702744
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7.7		1.9	20.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	8.25		0.5	16.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	11067816
Human Breast milk	Detected and Quantified	8.4	2.9			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	24027187
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9		<1	54	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9		1	78	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	19259987
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			9	360	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31506554
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.4	9.2			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	31775291
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.9	5.0			umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	17474139
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	27.897	29.998			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	467.612	705.456			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	14.581	9.663			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	163.491	191.759			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<87.14				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	28.5		24	33	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.8		1.25	6.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			6.10	11.5	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	8.8	2.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.1				umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Shaykhutdinov RA, MacInnis GD, Dowlatabadi R, Weljie AM, Vogel HJ. Quantitative analysis of metabolite concentrations in human urine samples using 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics. 2009
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	15.0	15.5			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	15.6	27.7			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	24.3	20.4			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	9.03	5.22			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	125.15	180.60			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0840-5
Human Adipose tissue	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Brain	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Fibroblasts	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Kidney	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Liver	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Pancreas	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Prostate	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Skeletal muscle	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Spleen	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	16939360
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22932811
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21389975
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	1268322
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18052033
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	18085514
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25670064
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27065191
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27107423
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Children (6 - 18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	27609529
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	28270806
Human Sweat	Detected but not Quantified						Adult	Both	Normal	HMDB	26755145
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25985090
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	28157703
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

References

General References

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Showing metabocard for Succinic acid (MMDBc0000087)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f53941b38e0>