MiMeDB: Showing metabocard for Glutaric acid (MMDBc0000134)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2020-10-27 23:37:07 UTC

Update Date

2024-09-29 08:18:47 UTC

Metabolite ID

MMDBc0000134

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Glutaric acid

Description

Glutaric acid is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. Glutaric acid is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan. Glutaric acid may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. When present in sufficiently high levels, glutaric acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of glutaric acid are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism, including glutaric aciduria type I, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, and glutaric aciduria type III. Glutaric aciduria type I (glutaric acidemia type I, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, GA1, or GAT1) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH). Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e.g. glutaric acid, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs). Babies with glutaric acidemia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly). Macrocephaly is amongst the earliest signs of GA1. GA1 also causes secondary carnitine deficiency because glutaric acid, like other organic acids, is detoxified by carnitine. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated glutaric aciduria. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. Treatment of glutaric aciduria is mainly based on the restriction of lysine intake, supplementation of carnitine, and an intensification of therapy during intercurrent illnesses. The major principle of dietary treatment is to reduce the production of glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid by restriction of natural protein, in general, and of lysine, in particular (PMID: 17465389 , 15505398 ). Glutaric acid has also been found in Escherichia (PMID: 30143200 ).

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
1,3-Propanedicarboxylic acid	ChEBI
1,5-Pentanedioic acid	ChEBI
Glutarsaeure	ChEBI
Pentanedioic acid	ChEBI
1,3-Propanedicarboxylate	Generator
1,5-Pentanedioate	Generator
Pentanedioate	Generator
Glutarate	Generator
Pentandioate	HMDB
Pentandioic acid	HMDB

Molecular Formula

C₅H₈O₄

Average Mass

132.1146

Monoisotopic Mass

132.042258744

IUPAC Name

pentanedioic acid

Traditional Name

glutaric acid

CAS Registry Number

110-94-1

SMILES

OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c6-4(7)2-1-3-5(8)9/h1-3H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)

InChI Key

JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Fatty acid
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid (CHEBI:17859 )
Dicarboxylic acids (C00489 )

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Expected Solid

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	0.046	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.76	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	74.6 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	4	ChemAxon
Refractivity	28.14 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	12.17 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0f6t-2940000000-9f099473c4a6eb94d4be	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0002-1920000000-4ade63738a1c00460a63	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-1910000000-743df9571fee7baa3417	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-00fs-9710000000-ba958e52b1424e5d4840	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)	splash10-0cgj-3930000000-298fe512c6b58220ee33	2014-06-16	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-052o-9000000000-663deab1ce6413c4859d	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0920000000-56bce366cac24cd6773f	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0f6t-2940000000-9f099473c4a6eb94d4be	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-1920000000-4ade63738a1c00460a63	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-1910000000-743df9571fee7baa3417	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-00fs-9710000000-ba958e52b1424e5d4840	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0cgj-3930000000-298fe512c6b58220ee33	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0002-0910000000-86fbcf8f1c72fbb2ffd0	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-01q3-9200000000-fcbc36fd55a7945d3f25	2017-08-28	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-05g3-9610000000-07394eb05b518a4e3bf4	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-05	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-0019-9500000000-9db56ca3a541f0ce07d1	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-052r-9100000000-991f69d0892976558f85	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)	splash10-0536-9300000000-20fb2c8dd136e4924aca	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-8eb90c15915f014713ac	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-000i-9200000000-2ffdc08c49952e135a86	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-8884b857c9582288f35a	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-052f-9000000000-7d2c0333bdce4dbabbc6	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-9ab2a948083302641628	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-000i-9400000000-c5ec3115706f6041b868	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-8eb90c15915f014713ac	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-000i-9200000000-2ffdc08c49952e135a86	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-8884b857c9582288f35a	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-052f-9000000000-7d2c0333bdce4dbabbc6	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-9ab2a948083302641628	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negative	splash10-000i-9400000000-c5ec3115706f6041b868	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0udi-9000000000-89029b221f83859b721c	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-014r-9000000000-ec63d377e53acd0b3f82	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-1778c9be6683c7aaea83	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 6V, Negative	splash10-001r-7900000000-88fa19a8b55a2221ac33	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-000i-9000000000-64994bb5102d568ae3ac	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-9300000000-087a8bb0014a4b98f216	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-9100000000-be7bb3a98fa2fe29624c	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-9000000000-ee7e50d3e19afde6d997	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (Unknown) , Positive	splash10-052o-9000000000-663deab1ce6413c4859d	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-001i-1900000000-2ccd8e2a515cf328e787	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-052o-9000000000-f308daa4e82c16019e0d	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-04	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 90 MHz, D₂O, experimental)		2014-09-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, D₂O, experimental)		2014-09-23	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)		2012-12-05	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Placenta
Prostate
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

Placenta
Prostate

Associated OMIM IDs

114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

Human Proteins and Enzymes

Protein ID	Protein Name	Protein Type	Uniprot ID	Species
MMDBp0193523	Solute carrier family 22 member 11	Transporter	Q9NSA0	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0194757	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Transporter	Q4U2R8	Homo sapiens
MMDBp0195820	Solute carrier family 22 member 7	Transporter	Q9Y694	Homo sapiens

Human Pathways

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank

Metabolic Reactions

Reactions

Reaction ID	Precursor	Product	Enzyme	Data Source	Reference
MMDBr0007009	Glutaric acid	Acetic acid	Not Available	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0007030	Glutarate semialdehyde	Glutaric acid	Not Available	VMH	30371894
MMDBr0007031	Glutaric acid	Glutaryl-CoA	Not Available	VMH	30371894

Health Effects and Bioactivity

Health Outcome/Bioactivity	Metabolite Response/Effect	Evidence Type	Host and Biospecimen	Data Source	Reference
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	23705938
Anorexia nervosa		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	10197568
Fumarase deficiency	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	26078636
Malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency	Increased	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	3709568
Short chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency	Slight Increase	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	7776094
Short chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	3571488
Eosinophilic esophagitis		Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Eosinophilic esophagitis	Slight Decrease	Association	Human Urine	HMDB	Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)

Microbial Sources

Superkingdom/Kingdom	Phylum	Total species	Hosts and Body Sites	Microbial Links
Bacteria	Proteobacteria	63	Human feces; Human ; Human feces; pleural fluid plaque; bal; Human stool; Human subgingival plaque	Microbial culture; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Firmicutes	29	Human stool; Human ; Human feces; Human urine; Human sputum; Pig ; Human subgingival plaque; Human saliva	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Actinobacteria	2	Human ; Human feces; Human sputum; Human saliva; Human supragingival plaque; Human subgingival plaque	Indirect association between microbiota composition and metabolites measured in host biospecimen; Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Synergistetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Bacteroidetes	1	Human feces	Metabolic reconstruction
Bacteria	Fusobacteria	34	Human feces; Human	Metabolic reconstruction

Exposure Sources

Source Type	Source Sub-type	Species	Data Source	Reference
Plant	Leaves	Musa x paradisiaca	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Root	Glycine max	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Root	Beta vulgaris var. rubra	FooDB	31437929
Plant		Beta vulgaris	FooDB	31437929
Plant	Flower	Tamarindus indica	FooDB	31437929

Host Biospecimen and Location

Host and Biospecimen	Status	Mean	Std	Min	Max	Units	Age	Sex	Health Condition	Data Source	Reference
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0				uM	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	1137568
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.08	1.24			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.3		0.6	2.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2702744
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0	9.0448	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD)	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<3.392				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<3.392				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<101.754				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			3.392	44.0934	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Short Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			4.522	9.0448	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Short Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	40				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency	HMDB	3709568
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0	18.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Short chain acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD)	HMDB	7776094
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.8	3.8			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7776094
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.4		0.1	4.8	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.4		2.9	19.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	12.5		0.1	14.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.5		0.7	5.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.8		0	1.8	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8412012
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	1				uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8412012
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	12				uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Glutaric aciduria I	HMDB	9350903
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			0	1.8	uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	9350903
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	43				uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Glutaric aciduria I	HMDB	9350903
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified			0	1	uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	9350903
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7870				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Glutaric aciduria I	HMDB	9350903
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.1	14	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	9350903
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3	1.2			umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	10197568
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.4	1.9			umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Female	Anorexia nervosa	HMDB	10197568
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.28		0.18	0.63	uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	10604139
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	39.74				uM		Not Specified	Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (GDHD)	HMDB	10604139
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.58	0.87			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	10731506
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.46	2.12			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Malnutrition (type kwashiorkor and marasmus)	HMDB	10731506
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			290	1460	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Glutaric aciduria type III	HMDB	12555941
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<10				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	12555941
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.93	0.38			uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	16055049
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.896	0.862			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	16460720
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	189.154	125.421			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Irritable bowel syndrome	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Ulcerative colitis	HMDB	21761941
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Cryptosporidium infection	HMDB	22944170
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1274.9				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric- coenzyme A lyase deficiency	HMDB	23705938
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1274.9				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency	HMDB	23705938
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<5				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	23705938
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.4		0.5	2.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.1		0.7	3.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24029555
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	25037050
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	96.81				umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Female	Glutaric aciduria I	HMDB	25256449
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25496753
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25985090
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.135				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Fumarase deficiency	HMDB	26078636
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<51.346				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	26078636
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.96	1.8	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.87	1.4	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	HMDB	27015276
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal Cancer	HMDB	27275383
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Bladder cancer	HMDB	28157703
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	557				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency	HMDB	29030856
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<13				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	29030856
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1	3	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.7	4.9	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			2	5.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			2	5	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.077	0.0431			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.501	1.36			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.546	0.712			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto, M., Saruta, J., Matsuki, C. et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles. Metabolomics, 9, 454–463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0464-y
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.162	2.373			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.375	2.82			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.599	5.212			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	11.906	7.265			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	15.232	15.988			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.5		0	11	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1274.9				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency	HMDB	23705938
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1274.9				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric- coenzyme A lyase deficiency	HMDB	23705938
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	557				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency	HMDB	29030856
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.4	1.9			umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Female	Anorexia nervosa	HMDB	10197568
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.135				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Fumarase deficiency	HMDB	26078636
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	12				uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Glutaric aciduria I	HMDB	9350903
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	43				uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Glutaric aciduria I	HMDB	9350903
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	96.81				umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Female	Glutaric aciduria I	HMDB	25256449
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	7870				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Glutaric aciduria I	HMDB	9350903
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			290	1460	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Glutaric aciduria type III	HMDB	12555941
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	39.74				uM		Not Specified	Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (GDHD)	HMDB	10604139
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	40				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency	HMDB	3709568
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0	18.200	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Short chain acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD)	HMDB	7776094
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0	9.0448	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD)	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			3.392	44.0934	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Short Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			4.522	9.0448	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Short Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency	HMDB	3571488
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0				uM	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	1137568
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	1				uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8412012
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<10				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	12555941
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<101.754				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<13				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	29030856
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<3.392				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<3.392				umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	3571488
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<5				umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	23705938
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<51.346				umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	26078636
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified			0	1	uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	9350903
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified			0	1.8	uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	9350903
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.100	14	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	9350903
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.28		0.18	0.63	uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	10604139
Human Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.8		0.0	1.8	uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8412012
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.87	1.4	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Cerebrospinal fluid (csf)	Detected and Quantified	0.93	0.38			uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	16055049
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			0.96	1.8	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	27012787
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.0	3.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.08	1.24			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2026685
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.3		0.6	2.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	2702744
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.4		0.5	2.3	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			1.7	4.9	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	1.896	0.862			umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	16460720
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	12.5		0.1	14.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Feces	Detected and Quantified	189.154	125.421			nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			2	5.7	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified			2.0	5.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	31963255
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.1		0.7	3.6	umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.4		0.1	4.8	umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	2.5		0.7	5.2	umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.0	1.2			umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	10197568
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.58	0.87			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	10731506
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.800	3.800			umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	7776094
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	9.4		2.9	19.1	umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	8087979
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	15.232	15.988			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.375	2.82			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	11.906	7.265			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.599	5.212			umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work)
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	<9.33				umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	BC Children's Hospital Biochemical Genetics Lab
Human Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.5		0.0	11.0	umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.0770	0.0431			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.501	1.36			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Saliva	Detected and Quantified	0.546	0.712			uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	Sugimoto et al. (2013) Physiological and environmental parameters associated with mass spectrometry-based salivary metabolomic profiles.
Human Placenta	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Prostate	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	34986597
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24023812
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Saliva	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	HMDB	22308371
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	19573517
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	20669995
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	21761941
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	22411374
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	22944170
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	24029555
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25496753
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	27543620
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	25037050
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	HMDB	25985090
Human Feces	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	29808030
Human Urine	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057
Human Blood	Detected but not Quantified						Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	HMDB	32966057

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000661

DrugBank ID

DB03553

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Glutaric_acid

METLIN ID

3254

PubChem Compound

743

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

17859

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General References

Whelan DT, Hill R, Ryan ED, Spate M: L-Glutaric acidemia: investigation of a patient and his family. Pediatrics. 1979 Jan;63(1):88-93. [PubMed:440804 ]
Hoffmann GF, Trefz FK, Barth PG, Bohles HJ, Biggemann B, Bremer HJ, Christensen E, Frosch M, Hanefeld F, Hunneman DH, et al.: Glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: a distinct encephalopathy. Pediatrics. 1991 Dec;88(6):1194-203. [PubMed:1956737 ]
Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80571-s. [PubMed:2026685 ]
Jakobs C, Sweetman L, Wadman SK, Duran M, Saudubray JM, Nyhan WL: Prenatal diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type II by direct chemical analysis of dicarboxylic acids in amniotic fluid. Eur J Pediatr. 1984 Jan;141(3):153-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00443213. [PubMed:6698061 ]
Goodman SI, Gallegos DA, Pullin CJ, Halpern B, Truscott RJ, Wise G, Wilcken B, Ryan ED, Whelen DT: Antenatal diagnosis of glutaric acidemia. Am J Hum Genet. 1980 Sep;32(5):695-9. [PubMed:6893520 ]
Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. doi: 10.1007/BF00711898. [PubMed:8412012 ]
Singh I: Biochemistry of peroxisomes in health and disease. Mol Cell Biochem. 1997 Feb;167(1-2):1-29. doi: 10.1023/a:1006883229684. [PubMed:9059978 ]
Goodman SI, Stein DE, Schlesinger S, Christensen E, Schwartz M, Greenberg CR, Elpeleg ON: Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase mutations in glutaric acidemia (type I): review and report of thirty novel mutations. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(3):141-4. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)12:3<141::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-K. [PubMed:9711871 ]
Baric I, Wagner L, Feyh P, Liesert M, Buckel W, Hoffmann GF: Sensitivity and specificity of free and total glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid measurements by stable-isotope dilution assays for the diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type I. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1999 Dec;22(8):867-81. doi: 10.1023/a:1005683222187. [PubMed:10604139 ]
Muller E, Kolker S: Reduction of lysine intake while avoiding malnutrition--major goals and major problems in dietary treatment of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2004;27(6):903-10. doi: 10.1023/B:BOLI.0000045775.03183.48. [PubMed:15505398 ]
Bishop FS, Liu JK, McCall TD, Brockmeyer DL: Glutaric aciduria type 1 presenting as bilateral subdural hematomas mimicking nonaccidental trauma. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2007 Mar;106(3 Suppl):222-6. doi: 10.3171/ped.2007.106.3.222. [PubMed:17465389 ]
Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
Hong YG, Moon YM, Hong JW, No SY, Choi TR, Jung HR, Yang SY, Bhatia SK, Ahn JO, Park KM, Yang YH: Production of glutaric acid from 5-aminovaleric acid using Escherichia coli whole cell bio-catalyst overexpressing GabTD from Bacillus subtilis. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2018 Nov;118:57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.07.002. Epub 2018 Jul 10. [PubMed:30143200 ]
Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Showing metabocard for Glutaric acid (MMDBc0000134)

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>

3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>

3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>

3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>

PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>

3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>

SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>

INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>

Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>

3D Structure for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46e499e148>