Showing metabocard for Nitric oxide (MMDBc0000238)

Record Information
Version1.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2020-10-27 23:40:54 UTC
Update Date2024-10-11 00:31:55 UTC
Metabolite IDMMDBc0000238
Metabolite Identification
Common NameNitric oxide
DescriptionThe biologically active molecule nitric oxide (NO) is a simple, membrane-permeable gas with unique chemistry. It is formed by the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline, with the release of NO. The enzymatic oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline takes place in the presence of oxygen and NADPH using flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), heme, thiol, and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. The enzyme responsible for the generation of NO is nitric oxide synthase (E.C. 1.7.99.7; NOS). Three NOS isoforms have been described and shown to be encoded on three distinct genes: neuronal NOS (nNOS, NOS type I), inducible NOS (NOS type II), and endothelial NOS (eNOS, NOS type III). Two of them are constitutively expressed and dependent on the presence of calcium ions and calmodulin to function (nNOS and eNOS), while iNOS is considered non-constitutive and calcium-independent. However, experience has shown that constitutive expression of nNOS and eNOS is not as rigid as previously thought (i.e. either present or absent), but can be dynamically controlled during development and in response to injury. Functionally, NO may act as a hormone, neurotransmitter, paracrine messenger, mediator, cytoprotective molecule, and cytotoxic molecule. NO has multiple cellular molecular targets. It influences the activity of transcription factors, modulates upstream signaling cascades, mRNA stability and translation, and processes the primary gene products. In the brain, many processes are linked to NO. NO activates its receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase by binding to it. The stimulation of this enzyme leads to increased synthesis of the second messenger, cGMP, which in turn activates cGMP-dependent kinases in target cells. NO exerts a strong influence on glutamatergic neurotransmission by directly interacting with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Neuronal NOS is connected to NMDA receptors (see below) and sharply increases NO production following activation of this receptor. Thus, the level of endogenously produced NO around NMDA synapses reflects the activity of glutamate-mediated neurotransmission. However, there is recent evidence showing that non-NMDA glutamate receptors (i.e. AMPA and type I metabotropic receptors) also contribute to NO generation. Besides its influence on glutamate, NO is known to have effects on the storage, uptake and/or release of most other neurotransmitters in the CNS (acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, GABA, taurine, and glycine) as well as of certain neuropeptides. Finally, since NO is a highly diffusible molecule, it may reach extrasynaptic receptors at target cell membranes that are some distance away from the place of NO synthesis. NO is thus capable of mediating both synaptic and nonsynaptic communication processes. NO is a potent vasodilator (a major endogenous regulator of vascular tone), and an important endothelium-dependent relaxing factor. NO is synthesized by NO synthases (NOS) and NOS are inhibited by asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA). ADMA is metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and excreted in the kidneys. Lower ADMA levels in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant controls suggest that ADMA has a role in vascular dilatation and blood pressure changes. Several studies show an increase in ADMA levels in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. Elevated ADMA levels in preeclampsia are seen before clinical symptoms have developed; these findings suggest that ADMA has a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In some pulmonary hypertensive states such as ARDS, the production of endogenous NO may be impaired. Nitric oxide inhalation selectively dilates the pulmonary circulation. Significant systemic vasodilation does not occur because NO is inactivated by rapidly binding to hemoglobin. In an injured lung with pulmonary hypertension, inhaled NO produces local vasodilation of well-ventilated lung units and may "steal" blood flow away from unventilated regions. This reduces intrapulmonary shunting and may improve systemic arterial oxygenation. Nitric oxide is a chemical mediator fundamental in the maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion and effective cardiovascular function. The use of nitrates is well established as pharmacological agents but it is only recently that it has been recognized that they act as a source of nitric oxide (PMID: 16966108 , 8752507 , 17181668 , 16005189 ). Nitric oxide is used as a food additive (EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States).
Structure
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46b45fb1d8>


  Mrv0541 02231214402D          

  2  1  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.4125    0.0034    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4125   -0.0034    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
M  RAD  1   2   2
M  END
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3D MOL for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46b45fb1d8>

HMDB0003378
     RDKit          3D
Nitric oxide
  2  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    0.5985    0.0000    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5985    0.0000    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
M  RAD  1   1   2
M  END
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3D SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46b45fb1d8>


  Mrv0541 02231214402D          

  2  1  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.4125    0.0034    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4125   -0.0034    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
M  RAD  1   2   2
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
MMDBc0000238

> <DATABASE_NAME>
MIME

> <SMILES>
[N]=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/NO/c1-2

> <INCHI_KEY>
MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
NO

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
30.0061

> <EXACT_MASS>
29.997988627

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
1.6908497027346385

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
nitroso

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.3514

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.9121689657156256

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
34.14

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
2.8858

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
nitric oxide

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
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3D-SDF for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46b45fb1d8>

HMDB0003378
     RDKit          3D
Nitric oxide
  2  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    0.5985    0.0000    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5985    0.0000    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
M  RAD  1   1   2
M  END
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PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46b45fb1d8>

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 23-FEB-12   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   23-FEB-12         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0      -0.770   0.006   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  N   UNK     0       0.770  -0.006   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
CONECT    1    2                                                            
CONECT    2    1                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    2    0    2    0
END
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3D PDB for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46b45fb1d8>

COMPND    HMDB0003378
HETATM    1  N1  UNL     1       0.598   0.000   0.000  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    2  O1  UNL     1      -0.598   0.000   0.000  1.00  0.00           O  
CONECT    1    2    2
END
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SMILES for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46b45fb1d8>

[N]=O
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INCHI for #<Metabolite:0x00007f46b45fb1d8>

InChI=1S/NO/c1-2
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Synonyms
ValueSource
(NO)(.)ChEBI
[NO]ChEBI
EDRFChEBI
Endothelium-derived relaxing factorChEBI
Mononitrogen monoxideChEBI
Monoxido de nitrogenoChEBI
Monoxyde d'azoteChEBI
Nitrogen monooxideChEBI
Nitrogen monoxideChEBI
NitrosylChEBI
NOChEBI
(.)NOChEBI
NO(.)ChEBI
Oxido de nitrogeno(II)ChEBI
Oxido nitricoChEBI
Oxyde azotiqueChEBI
Oxyde nitriqueChEBI
Stickstoff(II)-oxidChEBI
StickstoffmonoxidChEBI
INOmaxKegg
Nitrogen oxideHMDB
Nitrogen protoxideHMDB
Nitrosyl hydrideHMDB
Nitrosyl radicalHMDB
Nitroxide radicalHMDB
NitroxylHMDB
Endogenous nitrate vasodilatorMeSH, HMDB
Monoxide, nitrogenMeSH, HMDB
Nitric oxide, endothelium derivedMeSH, HMDB
Nitric oxide, endothelium-derivedMeSH, HMDB
Monoxide, mononitrogenMeSH, HMDB
Vasodilator, endogenous nitrateMeSH, HMDB
Endothelium-derived nitric oxideMeSH, HMDB
Nitrate vasodilator, endogenousMeSH, HMDB
Oxide, nitricMeSH, HMDB
Molecular FormulaNO
Average Mass30.0061
Monoisotopic Mass29.997988627
IUPAC Namenitroso
Traditional Namenitric oxide
CAS Registry Number10102-43-9
SMILES
[N]=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/NO/c1-2
InChI KeyMWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N