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Record Information
Version1.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2020-10-27 23:36:19 UTC
Update Date2024-09-28 01:54:37 UTC
Metabolite IDMMDBc0000112
Metabolite Identification
Common NameL-Arginine
DescriptionArginine is an essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. In mammals, arginine is formally classified as a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual. Infants are unable to effectively synthesize arginine, making it nutritionally essential for infants. Adults, however, are able to synthesize arginine in the urea cycle. Arginine can be considered to be a basic amino acid as the part of the side chain nearest to the backbone is long, carbon-containing, and hydrophobic, whereas the end of the side chain is a complex guanidinium group. With a pKa of 12.48, the guanidinium group is positively charged in neutral, acidic, and even most basic environments. Because of the conjugation between the double bond and the nitrogen lone pairs, the positive charge is delocalized. This group is able to form multiple H-bonds. L-Arginine is an amino acid that has numerous functions in the body. It helps dispose of ammonia, is used to make compounds such as nitric oxide, creatine, L-glutamate, and L-proline, and it can be converted into glucose and glycogen if needed. In large doses, L-arginine also stimulates the release of the hormones growth hormone and prolactin. Arginine is a known inducer of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and is responsible for inducing protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway. mTOR inhibition by rapamycin partially reduces arginine-induced protein synthesis (PMID: 20841502 ). Catabolic disease states such as sepsis, injury, and cancer cause an increase in arginine utilization, which can exceed normal body production, leading to arginine depletion. Arginine also activates AMP kinase (AMPK) which then stimulates skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and muscle glucose uptake, thereby increasing insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells (PMID: 21311355 ). Arginine is found in plant and animal proteins, such as dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, and nuts. The ratio of L-arginine to lysine is also important: soy and other plant proteins have more L-arginine than animal sources of protein.
Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2S)-2-Amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acidChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acidChEBI
(S)-2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acidChEBI
(S)-2-Amino-5-guanidinovaleric acidChEBI
ArgChEBI
ArginineChEBI
L-(+)-ArginineChEBI
L-ArgChEBI
L-ArgininChEBI
RChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoateGenerator
(2S)-2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoateGenerator
(S)-2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoateGenerator
(S)-2-Amino-5-guanidinovalerateGenerator
(S)-2-Amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-pentanoateHMDB
(S)-2-Amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-pentanoic acidHMDB
(S)-2-Amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]pentanoateHMDB
(S)-2-Amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]pentanoic acidHMDB
2-Amino-5-guanidinovalerateHMDB
2-Amino-5-guanidinovaleric acidHMDB
5-[(Aminoiminomethyl)amino]-L-norvalineHMDB
L-a-Amino-D-guanidinovalerateHMDB
L-a-Amino-D-guanidinovaleric acidHMDB
L-alpha-Amino-delta-guanidinovalerateHMDB
L-alpha-Amino-delta-guanidinovaleric acidHMDB
N5-(Aminoiminomethyl)-L-ornithineHMDB
DL-Arginine acetate, monohydrateHMDB
L-Isomer arginineHMDB
Monohydrate DL-arginine acetateHMDB
L ArginineHMDB
Arginine, L isomerHMDB
Arginine, L-isomerHMDB
Hydrochloride, arginineHMDB
Arginine hydrochlorideHMDB
DL Arginine acetate, monohydrateHMDB
Molecular FormulaC6H14N4O2
Average Mass174.201
Monoisotopic Mass174.111675712
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanoic acid
Traditional NameL-arginine
CAS Registry Number74-79-3
SMILES
N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H14N4O2/c7-4(5(11)12)2-1-3-10-6(8)9/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,11,12)(H4,8,9,10)/t4-/m0/s1
InChI KeyODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N